Non-Alkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması ve Egzersiz

Paternostro R, Trauner M. Current treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of internal medicine. 2022;292(2):190-204.

Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM. Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD. Hepatology. 2020;72(5):1605-16.

Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-33.

Wong RJ, Cheung R, Ahmed A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the US. Hepatology. 2014;59(6):2188-95.

Lazarus JV, Ekstedt M, Marchesini G, Mullen J, Novak K, Pericàs JM, et al. A cross-sectional study of the public health response to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Europe. Journal of Hepatology. 2020;72(1):14-24.

Yki-Järvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2014;2(11):901-10.

European Association for the Study of the Liver EAftSoD, European Association for the Study of Obesity. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity facts. 2016;9(2):65-90.

Bedogni G, Miglioli L, Masutti F, Tiribelli C, Marchesini G, Bellentani S. Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Dionysos nutrition and liver study. Hepatology. 2005;42(1):44-52.

Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology. 2004;40(6):1387-95.

Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Rodella S, Tessari R, Zenari L, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care. 2007;30(5):1212-8.

Wanless IR, Lentz JS. Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology. 1990;12(5):1106-10.

Brunt EM, Wong VW-S, Nobili V, Day CP, Sookoian S, Maher JJ, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2015;1(1):1-22.

Nobili V, Alkhouri N, Alisi A, Della Corte C, Fitzpatrick E, Raponi M, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge for pediatricians. JAMA pediatrics. 2015;169(2):170-6.

Postic C, Girard J. Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: lessons from genetically engineered mice. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2008;118(3):829-38.

Lambert JE, Ramos–Roman MA, Browning JD, Parks EJ. Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(3):726-35.

Li S, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Bifurcation of insulin signaling pathway in rat liver: mTORC1 required for stimulation of lipogenesis, but not inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2010;107(8):3441-6.

Kammoun HL, Chabanon H, Hainault I, Luquet S, Magnan C, Koike T, et al. GRP78 expression inhibits insulin and ER stress–induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2009;119(5):1201-15.

Donnelly KL, Smith CI, Schwarzenberg SJ, Jessurun J, Boldt MD, Parks EJ. Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2005;115(5):1343-51.

Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen Y-Y, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334(6052):105-8.

Schnabl B, Brenner DA. Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(6):1513-24.

Wehr A, Baeck C, Ulmer F, Gassler N, Hittatiya K, Luedde T, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CXCL16 diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112327.

Wolf MJ, Adili A, Piotrowitz K, Abdullah Z, Boege Y, Stemmer K, et al. Metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer via cross-talk with hepatocytes. Cancer cell. 2014;26(4):549-64.

Bedossa P, Poitou C, Veyrie N, Bouillot JL, Basdevant A, Paradis V, et al. Histopathological algorithm and scoring system for evaluation of liver lesions in morbidly obese patients. Hepatology. 2012;56(5):1751-9.

Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M, Behling C, Contos MJ, Cummings OW, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2005;41(6):1313-21.

Zheng Q, Huang G, Cao W, Zhao Y. Comparative effectiveness of exercise interventions for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Women's Health. 2024;24(1):610.

Xie J, Huang H, Liu Z, Li Y, Yu C, Xu L, et al. The associations between modifiable risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. Hepatology. 2023;77(3):949-64.

Maurice JB, Patel A, Scott AJ, Patel K, Thursz M, Lemoine M. Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-monoinfection. Aids. 2017;31(11):1621-32.

Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Cerin E, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, et al. Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk. Diabetes care. 2008;31(4):661-6.

Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2006;29(11):2518-27.

Hashida R, Kawaguchi T, Bekki M, Omoto M, Matsuse H, Nago T, et al. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. Journal of hepatology. 2017;66(1):142-52.

Sberna A, Bouillet B, Rouland A, Brindisi M, Nguyen A, Mouillot T, et al. European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) clinical practice recommendations for the management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: evaluation of their application in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2018;35(3):368-75.

Xiong Y, Peng Q, Cao C, Xu Z, Zhang B. Effect of different exercise methods on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(6):3242.

Camhi SM, Bray GA, Bouchard C, Greenway FL, Johnson WD, Newton RL, et al. The relationship of waist circumference and BMI to visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat: sex and race differences. Obesity. 2011;19(2):402-8.

Gao Y, Lu J, Liu X, Liu J, Ma Q, Shi Y, et al. Effect of long-term exercise on liver lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in physiology. 2021;12:748517.

Zhu L, Liu J, Yu Y, Liu W. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on fat loss overweight and obese adolescent: a meta-analysis. J Guang Sport Univ. 2020;40:96-101.

Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Efficacy of aerobic exercise on coronary heart disease risk factors. Preventive cardiology. 2008;11(2):71-5.

Haus JM, Solomon TP, Kelly KR, Fealy CE, Kullman EL, Scelsi AR, et al. Improved hepatic lipid composition following short-term exercise in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2013;98(7):E1181-E8.

Orci LA, Gariani K, Oldani G, Delaune V, Morel P, Toso C. Exercise-based interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology. 2016;14(10):1398-411.

Wei C, Penumetcha M, Santanam N, Liu Y-G, Garelnabi M, Parthasarathy S. Exercise might favor reverse cholesterol transport and lipoprotein clearance: potential mechanism for its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects. 2005;1723(1-3):124-7.

Benatti FB, Pedersen BK. Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation. Nature reviews rheumatology. 2015;11(2):86-97.

Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, et al. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature. 2012;481(7382):463-8.

Kim H-J, Lee H-J, So B, Son JS, Yoon D, Song W. Effect of aerobic training and resistance training on circulating irisin level and their association with change of body composition in overweight/obese adults: a pilot study. Physiological research. 2016;65(2):271.

Young I, Stout R. Effects of insulin and glucose on the cells of the arterial wall: interaction of insulin with dibutyryl cyclic AMP and low density lipoprotein in arterial cells. Diabete & Metabolisme. 1987;13(3 Pt 2):301-6.

Fu Y, Meng M, Rong N, Liu L, Zhang J, Chen S, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nanjing Med Univ(Nat Sci). 2018;38(04):528-31.

Huang M, Yang J, Wang Y, Wu J. Comparative efficacy of different exercise modalities on metabolic profiles and liver functions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology. 2024;15:1428723.

Wang S-t, Zheng J, Peng H-w, Cai X-l, Pan X-t, Li H-q, et al. Physical activity intervention for non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC gastroenterology. 2020;20:1-12.

Houttu V, Bouts J, Vali Y, Daams J, Grefhorst A, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Does aerobic exercise reduce NASH and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022;13:1032164.

Bril F, Barb D, Portillo‐Sanchez P, Biernacki D, Lomonaco R, Suman A, et al. Metabolic and histological implications of intrahepatic triglyceride content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2017;65(4):1132-44.

Abdelbasset WK, Tantawy SA, Kamel DM, Alqahtani BA, Soliman GS. A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine. 2019;98(12):e14918.

Cuthbertson DJ, Shojaee-Moradie F, Sprung VS, Jones H, Pugh CJ, Richardson P, et al. Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homoeostasis in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical science. 2016;130(2):93-104.

Oh S, So R, Shida T, Matsuo T, Kim B, Akiyama K, et al. High-intensity aerobic exercise improves both hepatic fat content and stiffness in sedentary obese men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):43029.

Winn NC, Liu Y, Rector RS, Parks EJ, Ibdah JA, Kanaley JA. Energy-matched moderate and high intensity exercise training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk independent of changes in body mass or abdominal adiposity—a randomized trial. Metabolism. 2018;78:128-40.

Kerr CJ, Waterworth SP, Brodie D, Sandercock GR, Ingle L. The associations between physical activity intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2021;36(12):3508-14.

Oh S, Oshida N, Someya N, Maruyama T, Isobe T, Okamoto Y, et al. Whole‐body vibration for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a 6‐month prospective study. Physiological Reports. 2019;7(9):e14062.

Salekzamani Y, Khoshbaten M, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Babaie S. Aerobic exercise combined with whole body vibration in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine. 2024;12(1):39-.

Yu N, Ruan Y, Gao X, Sun J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials on the effect of exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese individuals. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2017;49(03):164-73.

Bianchi A, Marchetti L, Hall Z, Lemos H, Vacca M, Paish H, et al. Moderate exercise inhibits age-related inflammation, liver steatosis, senescence, and tumorigenesis. The Journal of Immunology. 2021;206(4):904-16.

Izadi V, Farabad E, Azadbakht L. Epidemiologic evidence on serum adiponectin level and lipid profile. International journal of preventive medicine. 2013;4(2):133.

Mascaró CM, Bouzas C, Montemayor S, Casares M, Gómez C, Ugarriza L, et al. Association between physical activity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults with metabolic syndrome: the FLIPAN study. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):1063.

Zelber-Sagi S, Godos J, Salomone F. Lifestyle changes for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of observational studies and intervention trials. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology. 2016;9(3):392-407.

Golabi P, Locklear CT, Austin P, Afdhal S, Byrns M, Gerber L, et al. Effectiveness of exercise in hepatic fat mobilization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review. World journal of gastroenterology. 2016;22(27):6318.

Johnson NA, Keating SE, George J, editors. Exercise and the liver: implications for therapy in fatty liver disorders. Seminars in liver disease; 2012: Thieme Medical Publishers.

Vos MB, Abrams SH, Barlow SE, Caprio S, Daniels SR, Kohli R, et al. NASPGHAN clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: recommendations from the Expert Committee on NAFLD (ECON) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2017;64(2):319-34.

Smart N, King N, McFarlane J, Graham P, Dieberg G. Effect of exercise training on liver function in adults who are overweight or exhibit fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine. 2018;52(13):834-43.

Hossain N, Afendy A, Stepanova M, Nader F, Srishord M, Rafiq N, et al. Independent predictors of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2009;7(11):1224-9. e2.

Hadizadeh F, Faghihimani E, Adibi P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnostic biomarkers. World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology. 2017;8(2):11.

Johnson NA, Sachinwalla T, Walton DW, Smith K, Armstrong A, Thompson MW, et al. Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss. Hepatology. 2009;50(4):1105-12.

de Mello MT, de Piano A, Carnier J, Sanches PdL, Correa FA, Tock L, et al. Long‐term effects of aerobic plus resistance training on the metabolic syndrome and adiponectinemia in obese adolescents. The journal of clinical hypertension. 2011;13(5):343-50.

de Piano A, de Mello MT, Sanches PdL, da Silva PL, Campos RM, Carnier J, et al. Long-term effects of aerobic plus resistance training on the adipokines and neuropeptides in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese adolescents. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2012;24(11):1313-24.

Stich V, De Glisezinski I, Berlan M, Bulow J, Galitzky J, Harant I, et al. Adipose tissue lipolysis is increased during a repeated bout of aerobic exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 2000.

Sertie RA, Andreotti S, Proença AR, Campana AB, Lima-Salgado TM, Batista Jr ML, et al. Cessation of physical exercise changes metabolism and modifies the adipocyte cellularity of the periepididymal white adipose tissue in rats. Journal of applied physiology. 2013;115(3):394-402.

Ricquier D. Respiration uncoupling and metabolism in the control of energy expenditure. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2005;64(1):47-52.

Guo R, Liong EC, So KF, Fung M-L, Tipoe GL. Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international. 2015;14(2):139-44.

Ogasawara J, Sakurai T, Kizaki T, Ishibashi Y, Izawa T, Sumitani Y, et al. Higher levels of ATGL are associated with exercise-induced enhancement of lipolysis in rat epididymal adipocytes. PloS one. 2012;7(7):e40876.

Aghapour A, Farzanegi P. Effect of six-week aerobic exercise on Chemerin and Resistin concentration in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Electronic physician. 2013;5(1):623.

Nikseresht M, Sadeghifard N, Agha-Alinejad H, Ebrahim K. Inflammatory markers and adipocytokine responses to exercise training and detraining in men who are obese. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(12):3399-410.

Lillioja S, Young AA, Culter CL, Ivy JL, Abbott W, Zawadzki JK, et al. Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1987;80(2):415-24.

Verdijk LB, Gleeson BG, Jonkers RA, Meijer K, Savelberg HH, Dendale P, et al. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance training is accompanied by a fiber type–specific increase in satellite cell content in elderly men. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009;64(3):332-9.

Gallagher PM, Touchberry CD, Teson K, McCabe E, Tehel M, Wacker MJ. Effects of an acute bout of resistance exercise on fiber-type specific GLUT4 and IGF-1R expression. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2013;38(5):581-6.

Hallsworth K, Thoma C, Hollingsworth KG, Cassidy S, Anstee QM, Day CP, et al. Modified high-intensity interval training reduces liver fat and improves cardiac function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical science. 2015;129(12):1097-105.

Takahashi A, Abe K, Usami K, Imaizumi H, Hayashi M, Okai K, et al. Simple resistance exercise helps patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. International journal of sports medicine. 2015;94(10):848-52.

Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Willis LH, Shields AT, Tanner CJ, Piner LW, et al. Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;301(5):E1033-E9.

Xue Y, Peng Y, Zhang L, Ba Y, Jin G, Liu G. Effect of different exercise modalities on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Scientific reports. 2024;14(1):6212.

Glass OK, Radia A, Kraus WE, Abdelmalek MF. Exercise training as treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2017;2(4):35.

Hao X, Song H, Su X, Li J, Ye Y, Wang C, et al. Prophylactic effects of nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Annals of Medicine. 2025;57(1):2464223.

Paternostro R, Trauner M. Current treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of internal medicine. 2022;292(2):190-204.

Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM. Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD. Hepatology. 2020;72(5):1605-16.

Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-33.

Wong RJ, Cheung R, Ahmed A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the US. Hepatology. 2014;59(6):2188-95.

Lazarus JV, Ekstedt M, Marchesini G, Mullen J, Novak K, Pericàs JM, et al. A cross-sectional study of the public health response to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Europe. Journal of Hepatology. 2020;72(1):14-24.

Yki-Järvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2014;2(11):901-10.

European Association for the Study of the Liver EAftSoD, European Association for the Study of Obesity. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity facts. 2016;9(2):65-90.

Bedogni G, Miglioli L, Masutti F, Tiribelli C, Marchesini G, Bellentani S. Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Dionysos nutrition and liver study. Hepatology. 2005;42(1):44-52.

Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology. 2004;40(6):1387-95.

Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Rodella S, Tessari R, Zenari L, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care. 2007;30(5):1212-8.

Wanless IR, Lentz JS. Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology. 1990;12(5):1106-10.

Brunt EM, Wong VW-S, Nobili V, Day CP, Sookoian S, Maher JJ, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2015;1(1):1-22.

Nobili V, Alkhouri N, Alisi A, Della Corte C, Fitzpatrick E, Raponi M, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge for pediatricians. JAMA pediatrics. 2015;169(2):170-6.

Postic C, Girard J. Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: lessons from genetically engineered mice. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2008;118(3):829-38.

Lambert JE, Ramos–Roman MA, Browning JD, Parks EJ. Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(3):726-35.

Li S, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Bifurcation of insulin signaling pathway in rat liver: mTORC1 required for stimulation of lipogenesis, but not inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2010;107(8):3441-6.

Kammoun HL, Chabanon H, Hainault I, Luquet S, Magnan C, Koike T, et al. GRP78 expression inhibits insulin and ER stress–induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2009;119(5):1201-15.

Donnelly KL, Smith CI, Schwarzenberg SJ, Jessurun J, Boldt MD, Parks EJ. Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2005;115(5):1343-51.

Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen Y-Y, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334(6052):105-8.

Schnabl B, Brenner DA. Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(6):1513-24.

Wehr A, Baeck C, Ulmer F, Gassler N, Hittatiya K, Luedde T, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CXCL16 diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112327.

Wolf MJ, Adili A, Piotrowitz K, Abdullah Z, Boege Y, Stemmer K, et al. Metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer via cross-talk with hepatocytes. Cancer cell. 2014;26(4):549-64.

Bedossa P, Poitou C, Veyrie N, Bouillot JL, Basdevant A, Paradis V, et al. Histopathological algorithm and scoring system for evaluation of liver lesions in morbidly obese patients. Hepatology. 2012;56(5):1751-9.

Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M, Behling C, Contos MJ, Cummings OW, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2005;41(6):1313-21.

Zheng Q, Huang G, Cao W, Zhao Y. Comparative effectiveness of exercise interventions for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Women's Health. 2024;24(1):610.

Xie J, Huang H, Liu Z, Li Y, Yu C, Xu L, et al. The associations between modifiable risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. Hepatology. 2023;77(3):949-64.

Maurice JB, Patel A, Scott AJ, Patel K, Thursz M, Lemoine M. Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-monoinfection. Aids. 2017;31(11):1621-32.

Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Cerin E, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, et al. Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk. Diabetes care. 2008;31(4):661-6.

Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2006;29(11):2518-27.

Hashida R, Kawaguchi T, Bekki M, Omoto M, Matsuse H, Nago T, et al. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. Journal of hepatology. 2017;66(1):142-52.

Sberna A, Bouillet B, Rouland A, Brindisi M, Nguyen A, Mouillot T, et al. European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) clinical practice recommendations for the management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: evaluation of their application in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2018;35(3):368-75.

Xiong Y, Peng Q, Cao C, Xu Z, Zhang B. Effect of different exercise methods on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(6):3242.

Camhi SM, Bray GA, Bouchard C, Greenway FL, Johnson WD, Newton RL, et al. The relationship of waist circumference and BMI to visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat: sex and race differences. Obesity. 2011;19(2):402-8.

Gao Y, Lu J, Liu X, Liu J, Ma Q, Shi Y, et al. Effect of long-term exercise on liver lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in physiology. 2021;12:748517.

Zhu L, Liu J, Yu Y, Liu W. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on fat loss overweight and obese adolescent: a meta-analysis. J Guang Sport Univ. 2020;40:96-101.

Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Efficacy of aerobic exercise on coronary heart disease risk factors. Preventive cardiology. 2008;11(2):71-5.

Haus JM, Solomon TP, Kelly KR, Fealy CE, Kullman EL, Scelsi AR, et al. Improved hepatic lipid composition following short-term exercise in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2013;98(7):E1181-E8.

Orci LA, Gariani K, Oldani G, Delaune V, Morel P, Toso C. Exercise-based interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology. 2016;14(10):1398-411.

Wei C, Penumetcha M, Santanam N, Liu Y-G, Garelnabi M, Parthasarathy S. Exercise might favor reverse cholesterol transport and lipoprotein clearance: potential mechanism for its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects. 2005;1723(1-3):124-7.

Benatti FB, Pedersen BK. Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation. Nature reviews rheumatology. 2015;11(2):86-97.

Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, et al. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature. 2012;481(7382):463-8.

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