Dayanıklılık Egzersizlerinin Hormonal Etkisi
Özet
Referanslar
Thyfault, J. P., & Bergouignan, A. (2020). Exercise and metabolic health: beyond skeletal muscle. Diabetologia, 63(8), 1464-1474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05177-6.
Suzuki, K., Totsuka, M., Nakaji, S., Yamada, M., Kudoh, S., Liu, Q., ... & Sato, K. (1999). Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage. Journal of applied physiology, 87(4), 1360-1367.
Luger, A., Deuster, P. A., Kyle, S. B., Gallucci, W. T., Montgomery, L. C., Gold, P. W., ... & Chrousos, G. P. (1987). Acute hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal responses to the stress of treadmill exercise. New England Journal of Medicine, 316(21), 1309-1315. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198705213162105.
Cadegiani, F. A., & Kater, C. E. (2017). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in overtraining syndrome: findings from endocrine and metabolic responses on overtraining syndrome (EROS)—EROS-HPA Axis. Sports Medicine - Open, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-017-0113-0.
Carmichael, M. A., Thomson, R. L., Moran, L. J., & Wycherley, T. P. (2021). The impact of menstrual cycle phase on athletes’ performance: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041667.
Mennitti, C., Farina, G., Imperatore, A., De Fonzo, G., Gentile, A., La Civita, E., ... & Scudiero, O. (2024). Effects of different training loads on the HPA axis and peripheral metabolites in amateur athletes. Nutrients, 16(2), 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020430.
Fellmann, N. (1992). Hormonal and plasma volume alterations following endurance exercise: a brief review. Sports Medicine, 13(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199213010-00004.
Cryer, P. E. (2001). The endocrine pancreas and regulation of metabolism. In L. S. Jefferson & A. D. Cherrington (Eds.), Handbook of physiology: Section 7, the endocrine system. Volume II, The endocrine pancreas and regulation of metabolism (pp. 557-582). Oxford University Press.
Mitrakou, A., Ryan, C., Veneman, T., Mokan, M., Jenssen, T., Kiss, I., ... & Gerich, J. (1991). Hierarchical reproducibility of hypoglycemic thresholds for symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and counterregulatory hormone responses. The American Journal of Physiology, 260(1 Pt 1), E67-E74. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.1.E67.
Godfrey, R. J., Madgwick, Z., & Whyte, G. P. (2003). The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports Medicine, 33(8), 599-613. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333080-00004.
Fortunato, R. S., Ignacio, D. L., Padron, A. S., Peçanha, R., Marassi, M. P., Rosenthal, D., ... & Carvalho, D. P. (2008). Sexual dimorphism in the basal activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in young adult rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 198(3), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0202.
Loucks, A. B., & Callister, R. (1993). Induction and prevention of low-T3 syndrome in exercising women. The American Journal of Physiology, 264(5 Pt 2), R924-R930. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.R924.
Klasson, C. L., Sadhir, S., & Pontzer, H. (2022). Daily physical activity is negatively associated with thyroxine (T4) levels in euthyroid adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 107(11), e4863-e4871. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac443.
Lynch, N. A., Ryan, A. S., Berman, D. M., Sorkin, J. D., & Nicklas, B. J. (2002). Comparison of VO₂max and disease risk factors between moderately active and inactive older adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(6), 419-424. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-33739.
Ennour-Idrissi, K., Maunsell, E., & Diorio, C. (2015). Effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Research, 17(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-015-0647-3.
Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Rosner, B., Speizer, F. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1987). Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 316(18), 1105-1110. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198704303161801.
De Souza, M. J., & Williams, N. I. (2004). Physiological aspects and clinical sequelae of energy deficiency and hypoestrogenism in exercising women. Human Reproduction Update, 10(5), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmh033.
Grosman-Rimon, L., Wright, E., Freedman, D., Kachel, E., Hui, S., Epstein, I., ... & Eilat-Adar, S. (2019). Can improvement in hormonal and energy balance reverse cardiovascular risk factors in athletes with amenorrhea? American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 317(3), H487-H495. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00242.2019.
Sato, K., Iemitsu, M., Katayama, K., Ishida, K., Kanao, Y., & Saito, M. (2016). Responses of sex steroid hormones to different intensities of exercise in endurance athletes. Experimental Physiology, 101(1), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085361.
Ramadan, W., Xirouchaki, C. E., & El-Gilany, A.-H. (2025). The comparative effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on female reproductive hormones and body composition. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(1), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05339-9.
De Souza, M. J., & Miller, B. E. (1997). The effect of endurance training on reproductive function in women. Sports Medicine, 23(5), 318-332. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199723050-00004.
Hackney, A. C. (1989). Endurance training and testosterone levels. Sports Medicine, 8(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198908020-00004.
Hackney, A. C., & Lane, A. R. (2015). Exercise and the regulation of endocrine hormones. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 135, 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.001.
Hagberg, J. M., Hickson, R. C., McLane, J. A., Ehsani, A. A., & Winder, W. W. (1979). Disappearance of hormones from plasma of trained and untrained men: insulin and norepinephrine. Journal of Applied Physiology, 47(6), 1311-1314. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1979.47.6.1311.
Gratas-Delamarche, A., Le Cam, R., Delamarche, P., Monnier, M., & Koubi, H. (1994). Lactate and catecholamine responses in male and female sprinters during a Wingate test. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 68(4), 362-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00599516.
Vincent, S., Gratas-Delamarche, A., Berthon, P. M., Zouhal, H., Jacob, C., Bentué-Ferrer, D., & Delamarche, P. (2003). Catecholamine response to the Wingate test in untrained women. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 28(5), 685-698. https://doi.org/10.1139/h03-052.
Wade, C. E. (1984). Response, regulation, and actions of vasopressin during exercise: a review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 16(5), 506-511. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198410000-00004.
Hew-Butler, T., Jordaan, E., Stuempfle, K. J., Speedy, D. B., Siegel, A. J., Noakes, T. D., ... & Verbalis, J. G. (2008). Osmotic and nonosmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin during prolonged endurance exercise. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(6), 2072-2078. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2336.
Robertson, G. L. (1995). Posterior pituitary–pathologic hyperfunction. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 24(3), 699-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30080-8.
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., ... & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012). A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481(7382), 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777.
Timmons, J. A., Baar, K., Davidsen, P. K., & Atherton, P. J. (2012). Is irisin a human exercise gene? Nature, 488(7413), E9-E10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11364.
S. Taipale, R., & Häkkinen, K. (2013). Acute hormonal and force responses to combined strength and endurance loadings in men and women: the “order effect”. PloS one, 8(2), e55051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055051.
Zhu, X., Li, X., Wang, X., Chen, T., Tao, F., Liu, C., ... & Chen, J. J. (2021). Irisin deficiency disturbs muscle development and glycemic control in zebrafish. Journal of Endocrinology, 249(3), 313-325. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0052.
Paoletti, I., & Coccurello, R. (2024). Irisin: A multifaceted hormone bridging exercise and disease prevention. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1154881.
Maïmoun, L., & Sultan, C. (2009). Effect of physical activity on calcium homeostasis and calciotropic hormones: a review. Calcified tissue international, 85, 277-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-009-9277-z
Referanslar
Thyfault, J. P., & Bergouignan, A. (2020). Exercise and metabolic health: beyond skeletal muscle. Diabetologia, 63(8), 1464-1474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05177-6.
Suzuki, K., Totsuka, M., Nakaji, S., Yamada, M., Kudoh, S., Liu, Q., ... & Sato, K. (1999). Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage. Journal of applied physiology, 87(4), 1360-1367.
Luger, A., Deuster, P. A., Kyle, S. B., Gallucci, W. T., Montgomery, L. C., Gold, P. W., ... & Chrousos, G. P. (1987). Acute hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal responses to the stress of treadmill exercise. New England Journal of Medicine, 316(21), 1309-1315. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198705213162105.
Cadegiani, F. A., & Kater, C. E. (2017). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in overtraining syndrome: findings from endocrine and metabolic responses on overtraining syndrome (EROS)—EROS-HPA Axis. Sports Medicine - Open, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-017-0113-0.
Carmichael, M. A., Thomson, R. L., Moran, L. J., & Wycherley, T. P. (2021). The impact of menstrual cycle phase on athletes’ performance: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041667.
Mennitti, C., Farina, G., Imperatore, A., De Fonzo, G., Gentile, A., La Civita, E., ... & Scudiero, O. (2024). Effects of different training loads on the HPA axis and peripheral metabolites in amateur athletes. Nutrients, 16(2), 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020430.
Fellmann, N. (1992). Hormonal and plasma volume alterations following endurance exercise: a brief review. Sports Medicine, 13(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199213010-00004.
Cryer, P. E. (2001). The endocrine pancreas and regulation of metabolism. In L. S. Jefferson & A. D. Cherrington (Eds.), Handbook of physiology: Section 7, the endocrine system. Volume II, The endocrine pancreas and regulation of metabolism (pp. 557-582). Oxford University Press.
Mitrakou, A., Ryan, C., Veneman, T., Mokan, M., Jenssen, T., Kiss, I., ... & Gerich, J. (1991). Hierarchical reproducibility of hypoglycemic thresholds for symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and counterregulatory hormone responses. The American Journal of Physiology, 260(1 Pt 1), E67-E74. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.1.E67.
Godfrey, R. J., Madgwick, Z., & Whyte, G. P. (2003). The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports Medicine, 33(8), 599-613. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333080-00004.
Fortunato, R. S., Ignacio, D. L., Padron, A. S., Peçanha, R., Marassi, M. P., Rosenthal, D., ... & Carvalho, D. P. (2008). Sexual dimorphism in the basal activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in young adult rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 198(3), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0202.
Loucks, A. B., & Callister, R. (1993). Induction and prevention of low-T3 syndrome in exercising women. The American Journal of Physiology, 264(5 Pt 2), R924-R930. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.R924.
Klasson, C. L., Sadhir, S., & Pontzer, H. (2022). Daily physical activity is negatively associated with thyroxine (T4) levels in euthyroid adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 107(11), e4863-e4871. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac443.
Lynch, N. A., Ryan, A. S., Berman, D. M., Sorkin, J. D., & Nicklas, B. J. (2002). Comparison of VO₂max and disease risk factors between moderately active and inactive older adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(6), 419-424. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-33739.
Ennour-Idrissi, K., Maunsell, E., & Diorio, C. (2015). Effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Research, 17(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-015-0647-3.
Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Rosner, B., Speizer, F. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1987). Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 316(18), 1105-1110. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198704303161801.
De Souza, M. J., & Williams, N. I. (2004). Physiological aspects and clinical sequelae of energy deficiency and hypoestrogenism in exercising women. Human Reproduction Update, 10(5), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmh033.
Grosman-Rimon, L., Wright, E., Freedman, D., Kachel, E., Hui, S., Epstein, I., ... & Eilat-Adar, S. (2019). Can improvement in hormonal and energy balance reverse cardiovascular risk factors in athletes with amenorrhea? American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 317(3), H487-H495. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00242.2019.
Sato, K., Iemitsu, M., Katayama, K., Ishida, K., Kanao, Y., & Saito, M. (2016). Responses of sex steroid hormones to different intensities of exercise in endurance athletes. Experimental Physiology, 101(1), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085361.
Ramadan, W., Xirouchaki, C. E., & El-Gilany, A.-H. (2025). The comparative effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on female reproductive hormones and body composition. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(1), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05339-9.
De Souza, M. J., & Miller, B. E. (1997). The effect of endurance training on reproductive function in women. Sports Medicine, 23(5), 318-332. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199723050-00004.
Hackney, A. C. (1989). Endurance training and testosterone levels. Sports Medicine, 8(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198908020-00004.
Hackney, A. C., & Lane, A. R. (2015). Exercise and the regulation of endocrine hormones. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 135, 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.001.
Hagberg, J. M., Hickson, R. C., McLane, J. A., Ehsani, A. A., & Winder, W. W. (1979). Disappearance of hormones from plasma of trained and untrained men: insulin and norepinephrine. Journal of Applied Physiology, 47(6), 1311-1314. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1979.47.6.1311.
Gratas-Delamarche, A., Le Cam, R., Delamarche, P., Monnier, M., & Koubi, H. (1994). Lactate and catecholamine responses in male and female sprinters during a Wingate test. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 68(4), 362-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00599516.
Vincent, S., Gratas-Delamarche, A., Berthon, P. M., Zouhal, H., Jacob, C., Bentué-Ferrer, D., & Delamarche, P. (2003). Catecholamine response to the Wingate test in untrained women. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 28(5), 685-698. https://doi.org/10.1139/h03-052.
Wade, C. E. (1984). Response, regulation, and actions of vasopressin during exercise: a review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 16(5), 506-511. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198410000-00004.
Hew-Butler, T., Jordaan, E., Stuempfle, K. J., Speedy, D. B., Siegel, A. J., Noakes, T. D., ... & Verbalis, J. G. (2008). Osmotic and nonosmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin during prolonged endurance exercise. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(6), 2072-2078. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2336.
Robertson, G. L. (1995). Posterior pituitary–pathologic hyperfunction. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 24(3), 699-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30080-8.
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., ... & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012). A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481(7382), 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777.
Timmons, J. A., Baar, K., Davidsen, P. K., & Atherton, P. J. (2012). Is irisin a human exercise gene? Nature, 488(7413), E9-E10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11364.
S. Taipale, R., & Häkkinen, K. (2013). Acute hormonal and force responses to combined strength and endurance loadings in men and women: the “order effect”. PloS one, 8(2), e55051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055051.
Zhu, X., Li, X., Wang, X., Chen, T., Tao, F., Liu, C., ... & Chen, J. J. (2021). Irisin deficiency disturbs muscle development and glycemic control in zebrafish. Journal of Endocrinology, 249(3), 313-325. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0052.
Paoletti, I., & Coccurello, R. (2024). Irisin: A multifaceted hormone bridging exercise and disease prevention. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1154881.
Maïmoun, L., & Sultan, C. (2009). Effect of physical activity on calcium homeostasis and calciotropic hormones: a review. Calcified tissue international, 85, 277-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-009-9277-z