Diyabetik Ayak Risk Faktörleri Önleme, Tanı ve Tedavi Stratejileri

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Guidelines, 2023. Tesfaye S, et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Update on Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Estimation of Severity, and Treatments. Diabetes Care, 2010.

IDF Diabetes Atlas (10th Edition, 2021) Source: International Diabetes Federation (IDF)Relevance: Provides global estimates of diabetes prevalence, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. Highlights the economic burden in low- and middle-income countries and projects future trends.

"Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2022" Source: American Diabetes Association (ADA)Relevance: Details direct (medical) and indirect (lost productivity) costs of diabetes in the U.S., emphasizing the role of complications like cardiovascular disease and renal failure in driving expenses.

"Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: Diabetes"Journal: The Lancet Relevance: Quantifies disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths attributable to diabetes globally, highlighting its contribution to non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality.

"Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration, and Risk of Vascular Disease" (Sarwar et al., 2010) Journal: The LancetRelevance: Seminal study linking diabetes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through a meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies.

"Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Manage Diabetes: A Systematic Review" (Huang et al., 2021) Journal: Diabetes CareRelevance: Evaluates cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions, medications, and preventive strategies, particularly in high-risk populations.

"COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Collision and Collusion of Two Diseases" (Apicella et al., 2020) Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology Relevance: Discusses heightened COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in diabetes patients, emphasizing pandemic-related healthcare challenges.

"Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Complications: A Global Perspective" (Spanakis & Golden, 2013) Journal: Current Diabetes Reports Relevance: Examines disparities in diabetes outcomes among ethnic minorities, linking access to care and socioeconomic factors to morbidity/mortality.

"WHO Global Report on Diabetes" (2016) Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Relevance: Outlines global strategies for diabetes prevention, management, and policy, stressing its role in the NCD crisis and economic burden.

"Diabetic Retinopathy: A Position Statement by the ADA" (Solomon et al., 2017) Journal: Diabetes Care Relevance: Focuses on morbidity from microvascular complications and cost implications of vision loss in diabetes.

"The Lancet Commission on Diabetes: Using Data to Transform Diabetes Care and Patient Lives" (2021) Journal: The Lancet Relevance: Proposes data-driven solutions to reduce diabetes-related mortality and costs, emphasizing technology and equitable ca

Brownlee M. The Pathobiology of Diabetic Complications: A Unifying Mechanism. Diabetes, 2005. Chronic hyperglycemia damages sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves, leading to:

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2023. Diabetes Care, 2023;46(Supplement_1).

Armstrong DG, et al. Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence. N Engl J Med, 2017;376(24):2367-2375.

Lipsky BA, et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections. Clin Infect Dis, 2012;54(12):e132-73 .

"Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence" (Armstrong et al., 2017) Journal: New England Journal of Medicine Relevance:

"Global Burden of Diabetic Foot Disease: A Systematic Review" (Zhang et al., 2020) Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Relevance:

"The Cost of Diabetic Foot: The Economic Case for the Limb Salvage Strategy" (Kerr et al., 2020) Journal: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Relevance

"Diabetic Foot Infections: State-of-the-Art Review" (Lipsky et al., 2020) Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases Relevance

"Impact of Diabetic Foot Ulcers on Mortality and Healthcare Costs" (Hicks et al., 2016) Journal: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications Relevance:

" Aboyans V, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases. Eur Heart J, 2018.

WHO Guidelines on the Management of Diabetic Foot Infections" (2019) Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Relevance:

"The Role of Multidisciplinary Teams in Reducing Diabetic Amputations" (Bus et al., 2020) Journal: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Relevance:

"Economic Impact of Hospitalizations for Diabetic Foot Complications" (Rice et al., 2021) Journal: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association Relevance:

Jeffcoate WJ, et al. Charcot Neuroarthropathy: Current Concepts. Diabet Med, 2022;39(1):e14689 . Norgren L, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg, 2007.

Oksidatif Stres Yayın: Vincent AM, et al. (2022) "Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Neuropathy" Antioxidants & Redox Signaling DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0156

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Peripheral Artery Disease in People With Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2023.

Polioller (Sorbitol) Yolu; Yayın: Pop-Busui R, et al. (2020) Başlık: "Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association": Diabetes Care DOI: 10.2337/dc20-S009

Yadav, S.K., et al. (2019): "Aldose Reductase: A Key Target for the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.06.011

Pop-Busui, R., et al. (2020): "Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association": Diabetes Care DOI: 10.2337/dc20-S009

Tang, W.H., et al. (2020): "Sorbitol Accumulation and Osmotic Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications": Antioxidants & Redox SignalingDOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7985

Giacco, F., & Brownlee, M. (2021): "Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications": Circulation Research DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316545,.

Yayın: Sugimoto K, et al. (2020) "Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Neuropathy" : Current Pharmaceutical Design DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200414164203

Gerhard-Herman MD, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation, 2017.

Lavery LA, et al. Diagnosing Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot. JAMA, 2013.

37.American College of Radiology (ACR). ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Diabetic Foot Infection. 2021.

International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Guidelines on Imaging for Diabetic Foot Disease. 2023.

Norgren L, et al. Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) for Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Vasc Surg, 2007.

Aboyans V, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on Peripheral Arterial Diseases. Eur Heart J, 2018.

Conte MS, et al. Global Vascular Guidelines for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. J Vasc Surg, 2019.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2023. Diabetes Care, 2023.

Rooke TW, et al. ACCF/AHA Guideline for Peripheral Artery Disease Management. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, 2023.

EUCAST. Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Testleri Standartları, 2023.

Bader MS. Diabetic Foot Infection: Antibiotic Therapy and Good Practice Recommendations. Int J Clin Pract, 2021. International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Innovations in Diabetic Foot Care, 2023.

FDA. Breakthrough Device Designations: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Technologies, 2023.

Armstrong DG, et al. Emerging Technologies in Diabetic Foot Management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2023.

Singer AJ, et al. Smart Dressings for Advanced Wound Care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2022.

ClinicalTrials.gov. Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers (Phase III Trials), 2023.

Rubitschung K, et.all. Pathophysiology and Molecular Imaging of Diabetic Foot Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 26;22(21):11552. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111552. PMID: 34768982; PMCID: PMC8584017.

Aydingoz U. Imaging Osteomyelitis: An Update. Rofo. 2023 Apr;195(4):297-308. English. doi: 10.1055/a-1949-7641. Epub 2023 Feb 1. Erratum in: Rofo. 2023 Apr;195(4):e2. doi: 10.1055/a-2051-1885. PMID: 36724804.

Garcia-Diez AI, et.all. Imaging of the Diabetic Foot. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2023 Jun;27(3):314-326. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1764386. Epub 2023 May 25. PMID: 37230131.

Kerstan A, et.all. Translational development of ABCB5 sup dermal mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic induction of angiogenesis in non-healing diabetic foot ulcers. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Sep 5;13(1):455. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03156-9. PMID: 36064604; PMCID: PMC9444095.

Daneshvar K, et.all. Diagnostic Imaging of Diabetic Foot Disorders. Foot Ankle Clin. 2022Sep;27(3):513-527. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Aug 6. PMID: 36096549.

Lauri C, et.all. Diagnostic imaging of the diabetic foot: an EANM evidence-based guidance. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2024 Jul;51(8):2229-2246. doi: 10.1007/s00259-024-06693-y. Epub 2024 Mar 27. PMID: 38532027; PMCID: PMC11178575.

Llewellyn A, et.all. Imaging for detection of osteomyelitis in people with diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2020 Oct;131:109215. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109215. Epub 2020 Aug 13. PMID: 32862106.

Armstrong DG et.all. Point-of-care fluorescence imaging reveals extent of bacterial load in diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J. 2023Feb;20(2):554-566. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14080. Epub 2023 Jan PMID: 36708275; PMCID: PMC9885466.

Lee J, et.all. Non-Enhancing Tissue on Diabetic Foot Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Relation to Osteomyelitis Investigation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performance, Pitfalls and Clinical Considerations. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2023 Nov;74(4):618-619. doi: 10.1177/08465371231179461. Epub 2023 May 21. PMID: 37211654.

Gariani K, et. All. I. X-Ray Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Clinical Comparison. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(3):373-377.doi: 10.2174/1573399816999200729124134. PMID: 32729421.

Feldman EL, et al. (2019) "New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms,Bioenergetics,andPain"NeuronDOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.003.

Javed S, et al. (2021) "Inflammatory Mechanisms in Diabetic Neuropathy: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets" Journal of Diabetes ResearchDOI: 10.1155/2021/9943395

Sloan G, et al. (2021) "Diabetic Neuropathy: A Crossroads Between Immunology and Metabolism"Nature Reviews Endocrinology DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00543-9

https://tip.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/63-70.pdf) https://www.klimikdergisi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/diyabetik-ayak-yarasi-ve-infeksiyonunun-tanisi-tedavisi-ve-onlenmesi-ulusal-uzlasiraporu.pdf/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deutip/issue/4647/63398

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Guidelines, 2023. Tesfaye S, et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Update on Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Estimation of Severity, and Treatments. Diabetes Care, 2010.

IDF Diabetes Atlas (10th Edition, 2021) Source: International Diabetes Federation (IDF)Relevance: Provides global estimates of diabetes prevalence, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. Highlights the economic burden in low- and middle-income countries and projects future trends.

"Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2022" Source: American Diabetes Association (ADA)Relevance: Details direct (medical) and indirect (lost productivity) costs of diabetes in the U.S., emphasizing the role of complications like cardiovascular disease and renal failure in driving expenses.

"Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: Diabetes"Journal: The Lancet Relevance: Quantifies disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths attributable to diabetes globally, highlighting its contribution to non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality.

"Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration, and Risk of Vascular Disease" (Sarwar et al., 2010) Journal: The LancetRelevance: Seminal study linking diabetes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through a meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies.

"Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Manage Diabetes: A Systematic Review" (Huang et al., 2021) Journal: Diabetes CareRelevance: Evaluates cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions, medications, and preventive strategies, particularly in high-risk populations.

"COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Collision and Collusion of Two Diseases" (Apicella et al., 2020) Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology Relevance: Discusses heightened COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in diabetes patients, emphasizing pandemic-related healthcare challenges.

"Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Complications: A Global Perspective" (Spanakis & Golden, 2013) Journal: Current Diabetes Reports Relevance: Examines disparities in diabetes outcomes among ethnic minorities, linking access to care and socioeconomic factors to morbidity/mortality.

"WHO Global Report on Diabetes" (2016) Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Relevance: Outlines global strategies for diabetes prevention, management, and policy, stressing its role in the NCD crisis and economic burden.

"Diabetic Retinopathy: A Position Statement by the ADA" (Solomon et al., 2017) Journal: Diabetes Care Relevance: Focuses on morbidity from microvascular complications and cost implications of vision loss in diabetes.

"The Lancet Commission on Diabetes: Using Data to Transform Diabetes Care and Patient Lives" (2021) Journal: The Lancet Relevance: Proposes data-driven solutions to reduce diabetes-related mortality and costs, emphasizing technology and equitable ca

Brownlee M. The Pathobiology of Diabetic Complications: A Unifying Mechanism. Diabetes, 2005. Chronic hyperglycemia damages sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves, leading to:

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2023. Diabetes Care, 2023;46(Supplement_1).

Armstrong DG, et al. Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence. N Engl J Med, 2017;376(24):2367-2375.

Lipsky BA, et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections. Clin Infect Dis, 2012;54(12):e132-73 .

"Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence" (Armstrong et al., 2017) Journal: New England Journal of Medicine Relevance:

"Global Burden of Diabetic Foot Disease: A Systematic Review" (Zhang et al., 2020) Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Relevance:

"The Cost of Diabetic Foot: The Economic Case for the Limb Salvage Strategy" (Kerr et al., 2020) Journal: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Relevance

"Diabetic Foot Infections: State-of-the-Art Review" (Lipsky et al., 2020) Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases Relevance

"Impact of Diabetic Foot Ulcers on Mortality and Healthcare Costs" (Hicks et al., 2016) Journal: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications Relevance:

" Aboyans V, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases. Eur Heart J, 2018.

WHO Guidelines on the Management of Diabetic Foot Infections" (2019) Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Relevance:

"The Role of Multidisciplinary Teams in Reducing Diabetic Amputations" (Bus et al., 2020) Journal: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Relevance:

"Economic Impact of Hospitalizations for Diabetic Foot Complications" (Rice et al., 2021) Journal: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association Relevance:

Jeffcoate WJ, et al. Charcot Neuroarthropathy: Current Concepts. Diabet Med, 2022;39(1):e14689 . Norgren L, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg, 2007.

Oksidatif Stres Yayın: Vincent AM, et al. (2022) "Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Neuropathy" Antioxidants & Redox Signaling DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0156

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Peripheral Artery Disease in People With Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2023.

Polioller (Sorbitol) Yolu; Yayın: Pop-Busui R, et al. (2020) Başlık: "Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association": Diabetes Care DOI: 10.2337/dc20-S009

Yadav, S.K., et al. (2019): "Aldose Reductase: A Key Target for the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.06.011

Pop-Busui, R., et al. (2020): "Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association": Diabetes Care DOI: 10.2337/dc20-S009

Tang, W.H., et al. (2020): "Sorbitol Accumulation and Osmotic Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications": Antioxidants & Redox SignalingDOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7985

Giacco, F., & Brownlee, M. (2021): "Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications": Circulation Research DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316545,.

Yayın: Sugimoto K, et al. (2020) "Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Neuropathy" : Current Pharmaceutical Design DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200414164203

Gerhard-Herman MD, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation, 2017.

Lavery LA, et al. Diagnosing Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot. JAMA, 2013.

37.American College of Radiology (ACR). ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Diabetic Foot Infection. 2021.

International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Guidelines on Imaging for Diabetic Foot Disease. 2023.

Norgren L, et al. Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) for Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Vasc Surg, 2007.

Aboyans V, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on Peripheral Arterial Diseases. Eur Heart J, 2018.

Conte MS, et al. Global Vascular Guidelines for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. J Vasc Surg, 2019.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2023. Diabetes Care, 2023.

Rooke TW, et al. ACCF/AHA Guideline for Peripheral Artery Disease Management. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, 2023.

EUCAST. Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Testleri Standartları, 2023.

Bader MS. Diabetic Foot Infection: Antibiotic Therapy and Good Practice Recommendations. Int J Clin Pract, 2021. International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Innovations in Diabetic Foot Care, 2023.

FDA. Breakthrough Device Designations: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Technologies, 2023.

Armstrong DG, et al. Emerging Technologies in Diabetic Foot Management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2023.

Singer AJ, et al. Smart Dressings for Advanced Wound Care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2022.

ClinicalTrials.gov. Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers (Phase III Trials), 2023.

Rubitschung K, et.all. Pathophysiology and Molecular Imaging of Diabetic Foot Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 26;22(21):11552. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111552. PMID: 34768982; PMCID: PMC8584017.

Aydingoz U. Imaging Osteomyelitis: An Update. Rofo. 2023 Apr;195(4):297-308. English. doi: 10.1055/a-1949-7641. Epub 2023 Feb 1. Erratum in: Rofo. 2023 Apr;195(4):e2. doi: 10.1055/a-2051-1885. PMID: 36724804.

Garcia-Diez AI, et.all. Imaging of the Diabetic Foot. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2023 Jun;27(3):314-326. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1764386. Epub 2023 May 25. PMID: 37230131.

Kerstan A, et.all. Translational development of ABCB5 sup dermal mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic induction of angiogenesis in non-healing diabetic foot ulcers. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Sep 5;13(1):455. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03156-9. PMID: 36064604; PMCID: PMC9444095.

Daneshvar K, et.all. Diagnostic Imaging of Diabetic Foot Disorders. Foot Ankle Clin. 2022Sep;27(3):513-527. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Aug 6. PMID: 36096549.

Lauri C, et.all. Diagnostic imaging of the diabetic foot: an EANM evidence-based guidance. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2024 Jul;51(8):2229-2246. doi: 10.1007/s00259-024-06693-y. Epub 2024 Mar 27. PMID: 38532027; PMCID: PMC11178575.

Llewellyn A, et.all. Imaging for detection of osteomyelitis in people with diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2020 Oct;131:109215. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109215. Epub 2020 Aug 13. PMID: 32862106.

Armstrong DG et.all. Point-of-care fluorescence imaging reveals extent of bacterial load in diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J. 2023Feb;20(2):554-566. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14080. Epub 2023 Jan PMID: 36708275; PMCID: PMC9885466.

Lee J, et.all. Non-Enhancing Tissue on Diabetic Foot Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Relation to Osteomyelitis Investigation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performance, Pitfalls and Clinical Considerations. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2023 Nov;74(4):618-619. doi: 10.1177/08465371231179461. Epub 2023 May 21. PMID: 37211654.

Gariani K, et. All. I. X-Ray Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Clinical Comparison. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(3):373-377.doi: 10.2174/1573399816999200729124134. PMID: 32729421.

Feldman EL, et al. (2019) "New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms,Bioenergetics,andPain"NeuronDOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.003.

Javed S, et al. (2021) "Inflammatory Mechanisms in Diabetic Neuropathy: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets" Journal of Diabetes ResearchDOI: 10.1155/2021/9943395

Sloan G, et al. (2021) "Diabetic Neuropathy: A Crossroads Between Immunology and Metabolism"Nature Reviews Endocrinology DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00543-9

https://tip.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/63-70.pdf) https://www.klimikdergisi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/diyabetik-ayak-yarasi-ve-infeksiyonunun-tanisi-tedavisi-ve-onlenmesi-ulusal-uzlasiraporu.pdf/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deutip/issue/4647/63398