Hastalar ve Aile Üyeleri İçin Yeni Kanserlerin Önlenmesi ve Erken Tespiti (Kanser Taraması)
Özet
Kanserlerin çoğunda hem görüntüleme hem de önleme yöntemleri mortaliteyi azaltabiliyor. Tarama ile beraber herhangi bir anormalliği klinik olarak belirgin hale gelmeden önce tespit ederek, kanser gelişmeden önce veya tedavinin en etkili olduğu erken bir aşamada müdahaleye olanak sağlanmış olur. Önleme stratejileri, kanseri teşvik eden çevresel ve yaşam tarzı risk faktörlerini değiştirmeye odaklanır. Hangi faktörlerin kanser riskini azalttığına dair sağlam bir bilgiye rağmen, kanser önlemenin uygulanması geride kalmaktadır (1,2). Kanserlerle ilişkili ekstrinsik ve intrinsik faktörler bulunmaktadır. Kanserle ilişkili ekstrinsik faktörler arasında çevresel faktörler, yaşam tarzı ve infeksiyöz ajanlarla karşılaşma yer alır. Bunun aksine intrinsik faktörler arasında ise genetik predispozan ve insan fizyolojisini etkileyen moleküler bulunmaktadır.
Both screening and prevention can reduce mortality from many cancers. Screening detects abnormalities before they are clinically apparent, allowing for intervention either before cancer develops or at an early stage, when treatment is most often effective. Prevention strategies focus on changing environmental and lifestyle risk factors that promote cancer. Despite a solid knowledge of which factors reduce cancer risk, the implementation of cancer prevention lags behind (1,2). There are extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with cancers. Extrinsic factors associated with cancer include environmental factors, lifestyle, and exposure to infectious agents. On the contrary, intrinsic factors include genetic predisposing molecules and molecules that affect human physiology.
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