İkincil Kanserlerin Taranması
Özet
Primer kanser tedavisi sonrası takipte olan hastalarda ikincil kanserler, primer kanserin tedavisine veya genetik, sigara, yaşam tarzı gibi ortak risk faktörlerine bağlı olarak oluşabilir. İkincil kanserlerin taraması ikincil kanserlere erken tanı konması ve tedaviye erken başlanması açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Toraks bölgesine radyoterapi almış olan kadın hastalarda meme kanser taraması için yıllık mamografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile tarama önerilmektedir. Abdomen, pelvis veya spinal radyoterapi veya tüm vücut ışınlaması almış olan hastalarda kolorektal kanser taraması için 30 yaştan itibaren veya ışınlamadan 5 yıl sonra başlamak üzere, 5 yılda bir kolonoskopi önerilmektedir. Total vücut ışınlaması, toraks bölgesine veya aksilla bölgesine radyoterapi almış olan hastalarda akciğer kanser taraması için yıllık pulmoner muayene ve gerekli durumda bilgisayarlı tomografi planlanmasını önerilmektedir. Santral sinir sistem ve tiroid kanser taraması için öykü ve muayene ile takip önerilmekte olup, prostat ve serviks gibi diğer kanser taramalarına yönelik genel popülasyona ek bir öneri bulunmamaktadır.
Secondary-subsequent neoplasms may arise after treatment of the primary cancer, which may be due to the treatment itself or common risk factors such as genetics, smoking, lifestyle. Screening of subsequent neoplasms is crucial to detect and treat secondary cancers as early as possible. Female patients with a history of chest irradiation should be screened for breast cancer with annual mammography and magnetic resonance imaging. Patients who have a history of abdominal, pelvic or spinal radiotherapy or total body irradiation should be screened with colonoscopy every 5 years, starting at 30 years of age or after 5 years following irradiation, whichever comes first. For patients treated with total body irradiation, chest or axillary irradiation, annual pulmonary exams and chest computerized tomography when appropriate, is recommended in order to screen lung neoplasms. Central nervous neoplasms and thyroid cancer are recommended to be screened with history and physical examination. Prostate, cervical cancer and other cancer types can be screened as the general population, as there aren’t any specific recommendation for screening in cancer survivors.
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