Melanom Dışı Cilt Kanserleri
Özet
Cilt, vücuttaki en büyük organdır ve cilt kanserleri tüm insanlarda en sık görülen malignitelerdir. Tıbbi onkoloji klinik pratiğinde daha çok melanom ile karşılaşılıyor olsa da melanom dışı cilt kanserleri de oldukça yaygın görülür ve morbiditeye yol açar. Melanom dışı cilt kanserleri bazal hücreli karsinom (BCC), skuamoz hücreli karsinom (SCC), ve Merkel hücreli karsinom (MCC) olarak 3 ana başlıkta incelenir. Cerrahi yöntemler, lokal tedaviler, radyoterapi, kemoterapi ve immunoterapi gibi tedavi seçenekleri mevcuttur. En sık görülen malignitelerden birisi BCC’dir ve genellikle metastaz yapmadığı kabul edilir. Yeni geliştirilen hedefe yönelik tedaviler etkili bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır. SCC de BCC ile benzer risk faktörlerine sahipken bazı genetik sendrom ve mutasyonlarla ilişkili olabilir. Lokal ileri ve metastatik hastalık önemli bir mortalite ve morbidite sebebidir. MCC, bu grubun en agresif malignitesidir, nöroendokrin hücrelerden köken alır. Son yıllarda kemoterapi dışında immunoterapinin bu hastalıkta etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir.
The skin is the body's largest organ, and skin cancers are the most common malignancies in all humans. Although melanoma is more commonly encountered in medical oncology clinical practice, non-melanoma skin cancers are also quite common and cause morbidity. Non-melanoma skin cancers are examined under 3 main headings: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Treatment options include surgical methods, local treatments, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. BCC is one of the most common malignancies and is generally considered not to metastasize. Newly developed targeted therapies are being used effectively. While SCC has similar risk factors to BCC, it may be associated with some genetic syndromes and mutations. Locally advanced and metastatic disease is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. MCC is the most aggressive malignancy of this group and originates from neuroendocrine cells. In recent years, immunotherapy has been effective in this disease in addition to chemotherapy.
Referanslar
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