Orofarenks Kanseri
Özet
Orofarenkste en sık skuamöz hücreli kanser görünür. Human papilloma virüs (HPV), sigara ve tütün ürünleri ile alkol önemli risk faktörleri arasında bulunur. Orofarenks kanserlerinin yaklaşık %70’i HPV ile ilişkilidir ve bu durum HPV ilişkili olmayan orofarenks kanserlerinden biyolojik, klinik, moleküler olarak farklıdır. Tüm baş boyun kanserlerinde olduğu gibi TNM (tümör, lenf nodu ve metastaz durumu) evrelemesi kullanılır. Erken evre kanserler (Evre 1 ve 2) cerrahi yada radyoterapi (RT) ile tedavi edilirler ve yaklaşık %80-90’ı remisyona girer. İleri evre kanserler (Evre 3, 4a ve 4b) ise cerrahi, radyoterapi ve kemoterapiyi içeren çoklu tedavi yaklaşımları ile tedavi edilmektedir. Orofarenks kanseri takibinde genel olarak nüksü önlemek, ikinci primer kanserlerin gelişimini takip etmek, baş-boyun kanserlerinin ve tedavilerinin uzun dönem sonuçlarını takip etmek ve hastaların genel sağlık durumlarını iyi hale getirmek amaçlanır.
Squamous cell carcinoma is most common in the oropharynx. Human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, tobacco products and alcohol are important risk factors. Approximately 70% of oropharyngeal cancers are associated with HPV, which is biologically, clinically and molecularly different from non-HPV associated oropharyngeal cancers. As in all head and neck cancers, TNM (tumour, lymph node and metastasis status) staging is used. Early stage cancers (Stages 1 and 2) are treated with surgery or radiotherapy (RT) and approximately 80-90% go into remission. Advanced cancers (Stage 3, 4a and 4b) are treated with multiple treatment approaches including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer, it is generally aimed to prevent recurrence, to follow the development of second primary cancers, to follow the long-term results of head and neck cancers and treatments, and to improve the general health status of patients.
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