Hastalıkların Patojenezinde S100 Proteinlerinin Rolü
Özet
İlk olarak 1965 yılında Moore ve ark.’ları tarafından keşfedilen S100 protein ailesi üyeleri, spesifik bir gen tarafından kodlanmaktadır. Bu proteinler insan vücudunda; enzim aktivasyonu, hücre içi kalsiyum konsantrasyonu, enflamatuvar yanıt, antioksidatif süreçler, hücre çoğalması-büyümesi-farklılaşması, hücre döngüsü modülasyonu, enerji metabolizması, transkripsiyon ve sekresyon dahil olmak üzere birçok fizyolojik ve patolojik süreçte önemli rol oynamaktadır. Son zamanlarda yürütülen çalışmalar; karaciğer hastalıkları, çeşitli kanser türleri, Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastalığı gibi çeşitli nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, romatoid artrit, osteoporoz, osteoartrit gibi kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve obezite gibi patolojik durumlarda S100 proteinlerinin ekspresyonlarının değiştiğini göstermiştir ve bu nedenle S100 proteinlerinin mevcut hastalıklar için biyobelirteç olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla S100 proteinlerinin bahsi geçen hastalıkların patofizyolojisindeki olası rollerine ilişkin araştırmaların, bu hastalıkların gelişimini önleme veya geciktirme açısından terapötik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine büyük katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmamızda; S100 proteinlerinin yapıları, biyolojik etkileri ve ilgili hastalıklarda potansiyel biyobelirteç ve yeni tedavi hedefleri olarak rolleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır.
S100 protein family members, first discovered in 1965 by Moore et al., are encoded by a specific gene. These proteins play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes in the human body, including enzyme activation, intracellular calcium concentration, inflammatory response, antioxidative processes, cell proliferation-growth-differentiation, cell cycle modulation, energy metabolism, transcription and secretion. Recent studies have shown that the expressions of S100 proteins change in pathological conditions such as liver diseases, various types of cancer, various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, musculoskeletal diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis; cardiovascular diseases and obesity, and therefore it is thought that S100 proteins may be biomarkers for existing diseases. Therefore, it is thought that research on the possible roles of S100 proteins in the pathophysiology of the mentioned diseases could significantly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches in terms of preventing or delaying the progression of these diseases. In our study are focused on the structures of S100 proteins, their biological effects, and their roles as potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets, for related diseases.
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