Jinekolojik Cerrahi ve Etik
Özet
Referanslar
Petek H. Güzelleştirme amaçlı estetik ameliyatlardan kaynaklanan hukukî sorumluluk. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Derg. 2006;8(1):177–240.
Kazancı F, Şahin Fİ. Jinekolojik onkoloji pratiğimizde risk azaltıcı cerrahi yönetimi gerektiren genetik değişiklikler. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg. 2022;31(2):132–46.
Winchester E, Hodgson S V. Psychosocial and ethical issues relating to genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility genes. Women’s Heal. 2006;2(3):357–73.
Kitson SJ, Bafligil C, Ryan NAJ, Lalloo F, Woodward ER, Clayton RD, vd. BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and endometrial cancer risk: A cohort study. Eur J Cancer. 2020;136:169–75.
Goldstein AT, Jutrzonka SL. Ethical considerations of female genital plastic/cosmetic surgery. Female Genit Plast Cosmet Surg. 2016;39–44.
Tohumat ŞG, Akyolcu N, Nur F. Cerrahi birimlerde çalışan hemşirelerin etik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2017;20(2):83–9.
Gustavsson E, Galvis G, Juth N. Genetic testing for breast cancer risk, from BRCA1/2 to a seven gene panel: an ethical analysis. BMC Med Ethics. 2020;21(1):1–8.
Surbone A. Social and ethical implications of BRCA testing. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(1):i60–6.
World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). GLOBOCAN 2024: Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2024. [Online] Available at: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today/en/fact-sheets-cancers [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Petrova D, Cruz M, Sánchez MJ. BRCA1/2 testing for genetic susceptibility to cancer after 25 years: A scoping review and a primer on ethical implications. Breast. 2022;61:66–76.
Olgun Ş. Meme kanseri̇ni̇ önlemede ı̇hmal edi̇len bi̇r grup; bi̇ri̇nci̇ derece yakin akrabalar. J Aware. 2018;3(5):209–16.
Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom MJ, vd. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2017;317(23):2402–16.
Chen J, Bae E, Zhang L, Hughes K, Parmigiani G, Braun D, vd. Penetrance of breast and ovarian cancer in women who carry a brca1/2 mutation and do not use risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: An updated meta-analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021;4(4).
Levine DA, Argenta PA, Yee CJ, Marshall DS, Olvera N, Bogomolniy F, vd. Fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas associated with BRCA mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(22):4222–7.
Shu CA, Pike MC, Jotwani AR, Friebel TM, Soslow RA, Levine DA, vd. Uterine cancer after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy without hysterectomy in women with BRCA Mutations. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(11):1434–40.
Segev Y, Iqbal J, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Lynch HT, Moller P, vd. The incidence of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: An international prospective cohort study. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;130(1):127–31.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic [Online]. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/genetics_bop.pdf [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Hampel H, Bennett RL, Buchanan A, Pearlman R, Wiesner GL, Development G. A practice guideline from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors : Referral indications for cancer predisposition assessment. Genet Med. 2015;17(1):70–87.
Marchetti C, De Felice F, Palaia I, Perniola G, Musella A, Musio D, vd. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: A meta-analysis on impact on ovarian cancer risk and all cause mortality in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers. BMC Womens Health. 2014;14(1):1–6.
Ingham SL, Sperrin M, Baildam A, Ross GL, Clayton R, Lalloo F, vd. Risk-reducing surgery increases survival in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers unaffected at time of family referral. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(3):611–8.
Garstka M, Henriquez A, Kelly BN, Webster A, Khubchandani JA, Hughes K, vd. How Protective are nipple-sparing prophylactic mastectomies in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers? Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(10):5657–62.
van Roosmalen MS, Stalmeie PFM, Verhoef LCG, Hoekstra-Weebers JEHM, Oosterwijk JC, Hoogerbrugge N, vd. Randomized trial of a shared decision-making intervention consisting of trade-offs and individualized treatment information for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(16):3293–301.
Kurian AW, Sigal BM, Plevritis SK. Survival analysis of cancer risk reduction strategies for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(2):222–31.
Koçak S, Çelik L, Özbaş S, Sak SD, Tükün A, Yalçın B. Meme kanserlerinde risk faktörleri, riskin değerlendirilmesi ve prevansiyon: İstanbul 2010 Konsensus Raporu. J Breast Heal. 2011;7(2):47–67.
Rhodes R. Genetic links, family ties, and social bonds: rights and responsibilities in the face of genetic knowledge. J Med Philos A Forum Bioeth Philos Med. 1998;23(1):10–30.
Habertürk. Angelina Jolie uzmanları ikiye böldü. [Online] Available at: https://www.haberturk.com/polemik/haber/844876-angelina-jolie-uzmanlari-ikiye-boldu [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Özmen S, Toraman A, Sungur C, Şantaş F, Şantaş G, Sur H, vd. Sağlıkta Etik - Güncel Konular ve Yaklaşımlar. 3. Basım. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları; 2024
Yıldırım Keskin A, Molu B. Hemşirelikte Etik Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş.; 2020
Dinler G. “Güzellik-Estetik-Sağlık” içerikli internet haberlerinin sağlık iletişimi ve gazetecilik etiği bağlamında incelenmesi. Aksaray İletişim Derg. 2020;2(2):0–3.
Daşıkan Z, Kıratlı D, Erdoğan M. Kadınların genital görünüm memnuniyeti : Genital kozmetik cerrahi. Jinekoloji - Obstet ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg. 2019;16(4):238–43.
Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Iii RHB, Miklos JR, Moore RD, Jason RA, vd. A large multicenter outcome study of female genital. J ofSexual Med. 2010;7(4):1565–77.
Yurteri-kaplan LA, Antosh DD, Sokol AI, Park AJ, Gutman RE, Kingsberg SA, vd. SGS Papers Interest in cosmetic vulvar surgery and perception of vulvar appearance. YMOB. 2012;207(5):428.e1-428.e7.
Koning M, Zeijlmans IA, Bouman TK. With consideration of media ınfluence. Aesthetic Surg J. 2009;29(1):65–71.
The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS International survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedures performed in 2023 [Online]. www.ısaps.org. 2025. Available at: http://www.isaps.org/Media/Default/global-statistics/2015 ISAPS Results.pdf [Accessed 29th May 2025]
American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Aesthetic genital plastic surgery 2025. [Online] Available at: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/aesthetic-genital-plastic-surgery/questions [Accessed 29th May 2025]
American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Statistics of aesthetic genital surgeries [Online]. 2018. Available at: https://www.isagss.org/en/procedures/statistics-of-aesthetic-genital-surgeries [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Eserdağ S. Aesthetic and functional female genital surgery. Switzerland: Springer Nature; 2023.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). elective female cosmetic genital surgery. C. 135. 2020.
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). Female genital cosmetic surgery: A resource for general practitioners and other health professionals [Online]. 2015. Available at: https://www.racgp.org.au/getattachment/be129a58-028c-4f78-ae06-78bf5b6fb38a/Female-genital-cosmetic-surgery.aspx [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Miklos JR, Moore RD. Labiaplasty of the labia minora : Patients ’ indications for. J of Sexual Med. 2008;5(6):1492–5.
Pardo J, Sola D, Ricci A, Guiloff E, Freundlich O. Colpoperineoplasty in women with a sensation of a wide vagina. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(9):1125–7.
İnan C, Ağır MÇ, Sağır FG, Özer A, Özbek Ö, Dayanır H, vd. Assessment of the Effects of perineoplasty on female sexual function. Trak Univ Fac Med. 2015;260–5.
Sharp G, Tiggemann M, Mattiske J. A retrospective study of the psychological outcomes of labiaplasty. Aesthetic Surg J. 2017;37(3):324–31.
Keskin HL, Yavuz AF, Taş EE. Clinical and ethical perspectives of medical professionals towards female genital cosmetic procedures. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021;131–8.
Elçioğlu Ö, Özkan N, Çetin C. Etik açıdan plastik ve rekonstrüktif cerrahi. T Klin Tıp Etiği. 2001;9:92–7.
Örnek Büken N. etik estetik ve güzellik endüstris. Sağlığın Sesi. 2013;14.
Tiefer L. Female genital cosmetic surgery: Freakish or Inevitable? Analysis from medical marketing, bioethics, and feminist theory. Fem Psychol. 2008;18(4):0959–3535.
WHO. Female genital mutilation [Online]. 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Liao LM, Creighton SM. Female genital cosmetic surgery: A new dilemma for GPs. Br J Gen Pract. 2011;61(582):7–8.
Teven CM, Grant SB. Plastic Surgery’s contributions to surgical ethics. AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(4):349–56.
Pelin S. Eti̇k açisindan tipta esteti̇k sorunlari. Ankara Tıp Mecmuaması. 1994;47:65–74.
Chung KC, Pushman AG, Bellfi LT. A systematic review of ethical principles in the plastic surgery literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;124(5):1711–8.
Piro TJ, Saeed AA, Abdulla WH, Safari K. Women’s experience and perspectives toward genital cosmetic surgery in Erbil city/Iraq: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):1–7.
Referanslar
Petek H. Güzelleştirme amaçlı estetik ameliyatlardan kaynaklanan hukukî sorumluluk. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Derg. 2006;8(1):177–240.
Kazancı F, Şahin Fİ. Jinekolojik onkoloji pratiğimizde risk azaltıcı cerrahi yönetimi gerektiren genetik değişiklikler. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg. 2022;31(2):132–46.
Winchester E, Hodgson S V. Psychosocial and ethical issues relating to genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility genes. Women’s Heal. 2006;2(3):357–73.
Kitson SJ, Bafligil C, Ryan NAJ, Lalloo F, Woodward ER, Clayton RD, vd. BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and endometrial cancer risk: A cohort study. Eur J Cancer. 2020;136:169–75.
Goldstein AT, Jutrzonka SL. Ethical considerations of female genital plastic/cosmetic surgery. Female Genit Plast Cosmet Surg. 2016;39–44.
Tohumat ŞG, Akyolcu N, Nur F. Cerrahi birimlerde çalışan hemşirelerin etik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2017;20(2):83–9.
Gustavsson E, Galvis G, Juth N. Genetic testing for breast cancer risk, from BRCA1/2 to a seven gene panel: an ethical analysis. BMC Med Ethics. 2020;21(1):1–8.
Surbone A. Social and ethical implications of BRCA testing. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(1):i60–6.
World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). GLOBOCAN 2024: Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2024. [Online] Available at: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today/en/fact-sheets-cancers [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Petrova D, Cruz M, Sánchez MJ. BRCA1/2 testing for genetic susceptibility to cancer after 25 years: A scoping review and a primer on ethical implications. Breast. 2022;61:66–76.
Olgun Ş. Meme kanseri̇ni̇ önlemede ı̇hmal edi̇len bi̇r grup; bi̇ri̇nci̇ derece yakin akrabalar. J Aware. 2018;3(5):209–16.
Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom MJ, vd. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2017;317(23):2402–16.
Chen J, Bae E, Zhang L, Hughes K, Parmigiani G, Braun D, vd. Penetrance of breast and ovarian cancer in women who carry a brca1/2 mutation and do not use risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: An updated meta-analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021;4(4).
Levine DA, Argenta PA, Yee CJ, Marshall DS, Olvera N, Bogomolniy F, vd. Fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas associated with BRCA mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(22):4222–7.
Shu CA, Pike MC, Jotwani AR, Friebel TM, Soslow RA, Levine DA, vd. Uterine cancer after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy without hysterectomy in women with BRCA Mutations. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(11):1434–40.
Segev Y, Iqbal J, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Lynch HT, Moller P, vd. The incidence of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: An international prospective cohort study. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;130(1):127–31.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic [Online]. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/genetics_bop.pdf [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Hampel H, Bennett RL, Buchanan A, Pearlman R, Wiesner GL, Development G. A practice guideline from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors : Referral indications for cancer predisposition assessment. Genet Med. 2015;17(1):70–87.
Marchetti C, De Felice F, Palaia I, Perniola G, Musella A, Musio D, vd. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: A meta-analysis on impact on ovarian cancer risk and all cause mortality in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers. BMC Womens Health. 2014;14(1):1–6.
Ingham SL, Sperrin M, Baildam A, Ross GL, Clayton R, Lalloo F, vd. Risk-reducing surgery increases survival in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers unaffected at time of family referral. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(3):611–8.
Garstka M, Henriquez A, Kelly BN, Webster A, Khubchandani JA, Hughes K, vd. How Protective are nipple-sparing prophylactic mastectomies in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers? Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(10):5657–62.
van Roosmalen MS, Stalmeie PFM, Verhoef LCG, Hoekstra-Weebers JEHM, Oosterwijk JC, Hoogerbrugge N, vd. Randomized trial of a shared decision-making intervention consisting of trade-offs and individualized treatment information for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(16):3293–301.
Kurian AW, Sigal BM, Plevritis SK. Survival analysis of cancer risk reduction strategies for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(2):222–31.
Koçak S, Çelik L, Özbaş S, Sak SD, Tükün A, Yalçın B. Meme kanserlerinde risk faktörleri, riskin değerlendirilmesi ve prevansiyon: İstanbul 2010 Konsensus Raporu. J Breast Heal. 2011;7(2):47–67.
Rhodes R. Genetic links, family ties, and social bonds: rights and responsibilities in the face of genetic knowledge. J Med Philos A Forum Bioeth Philos Med. 1998;23(1):10–30.
Habertürk. Angelina Jolie uzmanları ikiye böldü. [Online] Available at: https://www.haberturk.com/polemik/haber/844876-angelina-jolie-uzmanlari-ikiye-boldu [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Özmen S, Toraman A, Sungur C, Şantaş F, Şantaş G, Sur H, vd. Sağlıkta Etik - Güncel Konular ve Yaklaşımlar. 3. Basım. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları; 2024
Yıldırım Keskin A, Molu B. Hemşirelikte Etik Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş.; 2020
Dinler G. “Güzellik-Estetik-Sağlık” içerikli internet haberlerinin sağlık iletişimi ve gazetecilik etiği bağlamında incelenmesi. Aksaray İletişim Derg. 2020;2(2):0–3.
Daşıkan Z, Kıratlı D, Erdoğan M. Kadınların genital görünüm memnuniyeti : Genital kozmetik cerrahi. Jinekoloji - Obstet ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg. 2019;16(4):238–43.
Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Iii RHB, Miklos JR, Moore RD, Jason RA, vd. A large multicenter outcome study of female genital. J ofSexual Med. 2010;7(4):1565–77.
Yurteri-kaplan LA, Antosh DD, Sokol AI, Park AJ, Gutman RE, Kingsberg SA, vd. SGS Papers Interest in cosmetic vulvar surgery and perception of vulvar appearance. YMOB. 2012;207(5):428.e1-428.e7.
Koning M, Zeijlmans IA, Bouman TK. With consideration of media ınfluence. Aesthetic Surg J. 2009;29(1):65–71.
The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS International survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedures performed in 2023 [Online]. www.ısaps.org. 2025. Available at: http://www.isaps.org/Media/Default/global-statistics/2015 ISAPS Results.pdf [Accessed 29th May 2025]
American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Aesthetic genital plastic surgery 2025. [Online] Available at: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/aesthetic-genital-plastic-surgery/questions [Accessed 29th May 2025]
American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Statistics of aesthetic genital surgeries [Online]. 2018. Available at: https://www.isagss.org/en/procedures/statistics-of-aesthetic-genital-surgeries [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Eserdağ S. Aesthetic and functional female genital surgery. Switzerland: Springer Nature; 2023.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). elective female cosmetic genital surgery. C. 135. 2020.
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). Female genital cosmetic surgery: A resource for general practitioners and other health professionals [Online]. 2015. Available at: https://www.racgp.org.au/getattachment/be129a58-028c-4f78-ae06-78bf5b6fb38a/Female-genital-cosmetic-surgery.aspx [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Miklos JR, Moore RD. Labiaplasty of the labia minora : Patients ’ indications for. J of Sexual Med. 2008;5(6):1492–5.
Pardo J, Sola D, Ricci A, Guiloff E, Freundlich O. Colpoperineoplasty in women with a sensation of a wide vagina. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(9):1125–7.
İnan C, Ağır MÇ, Sağır FG, Özer A, Özbek Ö, Dayanır H, vd. Assessment of the Effects of perineoplasty on female sexual function. Trak Univ Fac Med. 2015;260–5.
Sharp G, Tiggemann M, Mattiske J. A retrospective study of the psychological outcomes of labiaplasty. Aesthetic Surg J. 2017;37(3):324–31.
Keskin HL, Yavuz AF, Taş EE. Clinical and ethical perspectives of medical professionals towards female genital cosmetic procedures. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021;131–8.
Elçioğlu Ö, Özkan N, Çetin C. Etik açıdan plastik ve rekonstrüktif cerrahi. T Klin Tıp Etiği. 2001;9:92–7.
Örnek Büken N. etik estetik ve güzellik endüstris. Sağlığın Sesi. 2013;14.
Tiefer L. Female genital cosmetic surgery: Freakish or Inevitable? Analysis from medical marketing, bioethics, and feminist theory. Fem Psychol. 2008;18(4):0959–3535.
WHO. Female genital mutilation [Online]. 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation [Accessed 29th May 2025]
Liao LM, Creighton SM. Female genital cosmetic surgery: A new dilemma for GPs. Br J Gen Pract. 2011;61(582):7–8.
Teven CM, Grant SB. Plastic Surgery’s contributions to surgical ethics. AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(4):349–56.
Pelin S. Eti̇k açisindan tipta esteti̇k sorunlari. Ankara Tıp Mecmuaması. 1994;47:65–74.
Chung KC, Pushman AG, Bellfi LT. A systematic review of ethical principles in the plastic surgery literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;124(5):1711–8.
Piro TJ, Saeed AA, Abdulla WH, Safari K. Women’s experience and perspectives toward genital cosmetic surgery in Erbil city/Iraq: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):1–7.
