Vertikal Alveolar Kemik Augmentasyonu Teknikleri
Özet
Dikey alveolar kemik augmentasyonu, periodontal doku mühendisliğinin temel hedeflerinden biri olarak önemini korumaktadır. Dişsiz bölgelerde başarılı bir dental implant yerleşimi, mevcut alveolar kemiğin hacim ve kalitesine doğrudan bağlıdır. Bu bağlamda, dikey kemik yüksekliğinin artırılmasına yönelik olarak tek başına ya da çeşitli doğal ve sentetik greft materyalleriyle kombine edilen cerrahi teknikler geliştirilmiştir. Otogreft ve allogreft kullanımı, özellikle alıcı saha koşulları uygun olduğunda, en öngörülebilir sonuçları sunmakla birlikte; otogreft uygulamalarında donör saha morbiditesi bu yöntemi sınırlayan önemli bir faktör olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda malzeme biliminde kaydedilen ilerlemeler sayesinde, ikinci cerrahi alan gereksinimini ve yüksek rezorpsiyon oranlarını minimize etmeye yönelik sentetik greft alternatifleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, implant destekli protez planlamalarında dişsiz kretlerin yeniden inşası amacıyla kullanılan dikey kemik augmentasyon teknikleri değerlendirilmiş, güncel uygulamalarda doğal ve biyouyumlu doku kaynaklarının yeri irdelenmiştir.
Vertical alveolar bone augmentation remains a central objective in periodontal tissue engineering. Successful placement of dental implants in edentulous areas is critically dependent on the quality and quantity of the existing alveolar bone in all spatial dimensions. To achieve vertical bone height gain, various surgical techniques have been developed, either used alone or in combination with natural or synthetic graft materials. The use of autografts and allografts offers the most predictable clinical outcomes, particularly when recipient site conditions are favorable. However, donor site morbidity associated with autografts limits their clinical appeal for both patients and clinicians. Recent advancements in material science have introduced synthetic graft substitutes designed to reduce the need for secondary surgical sites and to overcome high resorption rates. This review evaluates current vertical bone augmentation techniques and highlights the role of natural and biocompatible tissues in the successful rehabilitation of edentulous ridges with implant-supported prostheses.
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