Emzirmeden Kaçınma Tepkisi (Emzirmeye Karşı Tiksinme Tepkisi ve Ajitasyon)
Özet
Emzirmeden kaçınma tepkisi (BAR), emzirmenin öfke veya irrite olmak gibi olumsuz duyguları tetiklediği, ciltte karıncalanma gibi bir his uyandırdığı ve sıkışmışlık hissi veya bebeği memeden ayırma isteği gibi belirli rahatsız edici düşüncelere yol açtığı bir durumdur. Bu durum, hormonal değişiklikler, yorgunluk, eş zamanlı emzirme deneyimi veya emzirmeyle ilişkili kişisel rahatsızlık gibi faktörlerle tetiklenebilir. Bu olgu çalışması, emzirmeden kaçınma ve ajitasyonun nedenlerini, risk faktörlerini ve yönetim stratejilerine odaklanmaktadır. Önleme ve yönetim yaklaşımında psikososyal desteğin, aile üyeleriyle açık iletişimin ve ebelerden alınan bireysel danışmanlığın önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Emzirmeden kaçınma ve ajitasyonun erken ve uygun müdahaleler ile ele alınması annelerin emzirme deneyimlerini iyileştirecek ve emzirmeye başarılı bir şekilde devam etmeleri için güçlendirici olacaktır.
Breastfeeding aversion response (BAR) is a condition in which breastfeeding triggers negative emotions such as anger or irritation, a tingling sensation on the skin, and certain distressing thoughts such as a feeling of being stuck or wanting to separate the baby from the breast. This condition can be triggered by factors such as hormonal changes, fatigue, concurrent breastfeeding experience, or personal discomfort associated with breastfeeding. This case study focuses on the causes, risk factors, and management strategies of breastfeeding aversion and agitation. It aims to emphasize the importance of psychosocial support, open communication with family members, and individual counseling from breastfeeding consultants in the prevention and management approach. Addressing breastfeeding aversion and agitation with early and appropriate interventions will improve mothers' breastfeeding experiences and empower them to continue breastfeeding successfully.
Referanslar
Morns MA, Steel AE, Burns E, McIntyre E. Women who experience feelings of aversion while breastfeeding: a meta-ethnographic review. Women Birth. 2021;34(2):128–35.
Yate ZM. A qualitative study on negative emotions triggered by breastfeeding; describing the phenomenon of breastfeeding/nursing aversion and agitation in breastfeeding mothers. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017;22(6):449
Middleton C, Lee E, McFadden A. Negative emotional experiences of breastfeeding and the milk ejection reflex: a scoping review. Int Breastfeed J. 2025 Mar 5;20(1):13. doi:10.1186/s13006-024-00692-3. PMID: 40045338; PMCID: PMC11881379
McGuire E. Breastfeeding aversion and agitation. Breastfeed Rev. 2018;26(2):37–40.
Mizrak Sahin B. Factors associated with the breastfeeding aversion response. Breastfeed Med. 2025;20(2). doi:10.1089/bfm.2024.0178.
Morns MA, Steel AE, McIntyre E, Burns E. Breastfeeding aversion response (BAR): A descriptive study. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2023 Jul-Aug;68(4):430–441. doi:10.1111/jmwh.13474. Epub 2023 Apr 17. PMID: 37066597
Morns MA, Burns E, McIntyre E, Steel AE. The prevalence of breastfeeding aversion response in Australia: a national cross-sectional survey. Matern Child Nutr. 2023 Oct;19(4):e13536. doi:10.1111/mcn.13536. Epub 2023 May 25. PMID: 37226968; PMCID: PMC10483935
Morns M, Steel A, McIntyre E, Burns E. “It makes my skin crawl”: Women's experience of breastfeeding aversion response (BAR). Women Birth. 2022;35(6):582–592.
Wambach K, Spencer B. Breastfeeding and human lactation. 6th ed. Burlington (MA): Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2021
Davie P, Chilcot J, Jones L, Bick D, Silverio SA. Indicators of ‘good’ feeding, breastfeeding latch, and feeding experiences among healthy women with healthy infants: A qualitative pathway analysis using grounded theory. Women Birth. 2021; 34(4): e357-e367.
Odabaşı Aktaş E, Kırbaş ZÖ. Emzirme dönemindeki olumsuz duygular: D-MER ve BAR. In: Bayraktar B, Gül V, Genç M, editors. Disiplinlerarası bilimsel çalışmalar. Ankara: Iksad Publishing House; 2023. p. 45–63
Kent J, Ashton E, Hardwick CM, Rowan M, Chia ES, Fairclough KA, et al. Nipple pain in breastfeeding mothers: Incidence, causes and treatments. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(10):12247–12263. doi:10.3390/ijerph121012247
Watkinson M, Murray C, Simpson J. Maternal experiences of embodied emotional sensations during breast feeding: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Midwifery. 2016;36:53–60
Frawley T, McGuinness D. Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) and its implications for mental health nursing. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2023;32(2):620–626. doi:10.1111/inm.13115
Berle JO, Spigset O. Antidepressant use during breastfeeding. Curr Womens Health Rev. 2011;7(1):28–34.
Gardiner P, Sadikova E, Filippelli A, White LF, Jack BW. Herbal and dietary supplement use among postpartum women. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:317
Rollins NC, Bhandari N, Hajeebhoy N, Horton S, Lutter CK, Martines JC, et al. Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? Lancet. 2016;387(10017):491–504. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2
Thomson G, Ebisch‐Burton K, Flacking R. Shame if you do–shame if you don't: women's experiences of infant feeding. Matern Child Nutr. 2015;11(1):33–46
