Aspergillozis
Özet
Doğada yaygın olarak bulunan ve fırsatçı patojen bir mantar olan Aspergillus türleri, evcil hayvanlarda, kanatlı hayvanlarda, birçok yabani türde ve insanlarda lokalize enfeksiyonlar, ölümcül sistemik formlara ve alerjik reaksiyonlar gibi farklı sorunlara neden olmaktadırlar. Kanatlılarda mantar kaynaklı solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının en başında aspergillozis gelmektedir ve en sık saptanan etkenler A. fumigatus ve A. flavus’ tur. Bulaşma solunum yolu ve in ovo yolla gerçekleşir. Aspergillus türleri yumurta kabuğundan penetre olarak embriyoyu enfekte edip onu öldürebilir ya da lezyonları olgunlaşmış şekilde civcivler kuluçkadan çıkabilir. Bu tip kontamine yumurtaların kırılması sonucunda da kuluçka ekipmanlarının kontaminasyonu ile sonuçlanacak şekilde sporların yayılması söz konusu olur. Özellikle kuluçka dönemi ile ilişkili olduğundan hastalık “brooder pneumonia- kuluçka pnömonisi” olarak da isimlendirilmektedir. Tanı klinik bulgular, patolojik ve mikrobiyolojik incelemelerin bir arada değerlendirilmesi ile tamamlanır. Tedavide başarının kısıtlı olması, etkin bir aşının bulunmaması gibi nedenlerden dolayı hayvanların etkene/sporlarına maruz kalmalarını önleme prensibine dayanan koruma-kontrol yöntemleri oldukça önem taşımaktadır.
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