Marek Hastalığı
Özet
Marek hastalığı (MD), 1907 yılında bildirildikten sonra ülkelerin çoğunda görülmüş ve günümüzde endemik seyretmektedir. Marek hastalığı virusu (MDV), Herpesviridae ailesinde bulunan ve Mardivirus genusunda yer alan Gallid herpesvirus-2’dir. MDV solunum yoluyla bulaşmaktadır. Enfeksiyon üretken-kısıtlayıcı, latent, ikinci üretken kısıtlayıcı ve lenfoproliferatif olmak üzere dört fazda görülür. Enfeksiyonda T hücresi tümörü oluşur ve nekropside bu tümörlerin görülmesi hastalığın tanısında değerlidir. Tümörler lenfoid leukoz ve retiküloendotelyozis hastalığında da görüldüğü için bu hastalıklarla ve avian encephalomyelitis (AE), ve Newcastle hastalığı gibi sinirsel belirtilen gösteren hastalıklarla karışabilir. Kesin tanı için PCR, klinik ve patolojik bulguların beraber değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Marek hastalığına karşı tavukları koruma ve hastalığı kontrol altına almak için sıkı biyogüvenlik uygulamaları ve aşılamalar yapılmaktadır. Her ne kadar MDV eradike edilememiş olsa da etkili aşıların varlığı ve tavukların genetik iyileştirmeleri sayesinde MD kontrol altına alınabilmiştir. Ancak son yıllarda virusta oluşan mutasyonlar MDV ile mücadeleyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda geliştirilen MDV vektör aşıları yeni bir çığır açmıştır.
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