Newcastle Hastalığı
Özet
Newcastle hastalığı virusu (NDV) Paramyxoviridae familyasında, Avulavirus cinsinde yer alan Avian paramyxovirus tip 1 (APMV-1)’dir. Etkenin saçılımı tüm sekret ve ekstretlerle olur. Bulaşma solunum, sindirim sistemi, göz konjuktivası ve deri yoluyla gerçekleşir. Hastalığın seyri ve klinik belirtileri, NDV’nin patojenitesine, kanatlı hayvanın türüne, yaşına, immünitesine, yetiştirme ve çevre şartlarına göre değişebilir. Klinik bulgular solunum, sindirim ve sinir sistemlerinde virusun patotipine göre değişiklik göstererek seyreder. Nekropside, solunum sisteminde hastalık oluştuğunda, trakeada yangı ve hemorajiler görülebilir. Hava keseleri yangılı ve matlaşmış olabilir. Visserotropik virulent NDV’lerin oluşturduğu hastalıklarda sindirim sisteminde özellikle bezli mide ve iç organlarda değişik derecelerde kanamalar görülür. İnce bağırsaklarda peteşiyel kanamalar vardır. Asemptomatik NDV etçi tavuklarda pankreatitis oluşturur. Sinirsel belirtilerle seyreden ND vakalarında beyin ve sinirlerde dejenarasyonlar vardır. Yumurtlama dönemindeki hindi ve tavuklarda yumurta foliküllerinde ve yumurta kanalında dejenerasyon ve hemorajiler görülebilir
ND, Dünya Hayvan Sağlığı Örgütü (WOAH) tarafından bildirimi zorunlu hastalıklar arasındadır. Hastalık, ülkemizde de ihbari mecburi hastalıklar arasında yer almaktadır. Hastalığın teşhisi, serolojik testler, moleküler yöntemler ve virus izolasyonu gibi laboratuvar yöntemleriyle doğrulanmaktadır. ND’den korunmak için kümeste sağlık yönetiminin, biyogüvenliğin ve bakım şartlarının optimum seviyelerde olmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Hastalıktan koruma amacıyla ülkemizde canlı ve inaktif aşılar kullanılmaktadır.
Referanslar
Aggarwal M, Leser GP, Kors CA, et al. Structure of the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 nucleoprotein in complex with an amino-terminal peptide of the phosphoprotein. Journal of Virology. 2018; 92:e01304-17.
Alexander DJ, Manvell RJ, Lowings JP, et al. Antigenic diversity and similarities detected in avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) isolates using monoclonal antibodies. Avian Pathology. 1997; 26:399–418.
Bello MB, Yusoff KM, Ideris A, et al. Genotype diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Nigeria: disease control challenges and future outlook. Advances of Virology. 2018;1–17.
Bensink Z, Spradbrow P. Newcastle Disease Virus Strain I2–A Prospective Thermostable Vaccine for Use in Developing Countries. Veterinary Microbiology. 1999; 68 (1–2): 131–139.
Brugere-Picoux J, Vaillancourt JP, Shivaprasad HL, Venne D, Bouzoaia M. Manual of poultry diseases. France: AFAS; 2015.
Cavanagh, D. Avian Pneumoviruses and Rhinotracheitis. Poultry International. 1999; 38(4): 32-36.
Cook JKA, Jones BV, Ellis MM, et al. Antigenic differantion of strain of turkey rhinotracheitis virus using monoclonal antibodies. Avian Pathology. 1993; 22: 257-273.
Cook JKA. Avian Pneumoviruses. 6.th.International Poultry Health Conference 9th. November. 1998.Hannover, Germany.
de Vries E, Du W, Guo H, et al. Influenza a Virus Hemagglutinin–Neuraminidase–Receptor Balance: Preserving Virus Motility. Trends in Microbiology. 2020; 28 (1): 57–67.
Dewidar AAA, Kilany WH, El-Sawah AA, et al. Genotype VII.1.1-based Newcastle disease virus vaccines afford better protection against field isolates in commercial broiler chickens. Animals. 2022; 12:1696.
Dimitrov KM, Ramey AM, Qiu X, et al. Temporal, Geographic, and Host Distribution of Avian Paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus). Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2016; 39: 22–34.
Erganiş O, Ok Ü, Kuyucuoğlu Y, et al. Türkiye’de kullanılan 3 farklı inaktif Newcastle (Manisa, Solway ve Intervet) aşısının immünojenitelerinin karşılaştırılması. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science. 1999; 23 (3): 485-488.
Erganiş O, Okur A, Çiçek S. Estimation of laboratory and field findings for the use of inactivated vaccine against Newcastle Disease. Veterinarium. 1997; 8: 57-59.
Erganiş O, Uçan S. Vaccination strategies against Newcastle and Gunboro Diseases in Turkey. 10th European Poultry Conference, The poultry industry towards the 21th century. 21-26 th June 1998, Jerusalem, Israel.
Erganiş O. Beyaz yumurtacı bir parent stock sürüsünde Newcastle hastalığının seyri: Bir retrospectif survey. VIV Poultry-Yutav. 3-6 Haziran 1999, İstanbul.
Esaki M, Godoy A, Rosenberger JK, et al.Protection and Antibody Response Caused by Turkey Herpesvirus Vector Newcastle Disease Vaccine. Avian Diseases. 2013;57 (4): 750–755.
Franchini A, Lanti M, Manfreda G. Et al. Vitamin E as adjuvant in emulsified vaccine for chicks. Poultry Science. 1991; 70: 1709-1715.
Ge J, Wang X, Tao L, et al. Newcastle disease virus-vectored rabies vaccine is safe, highly immunogenic, and provides long-lasting protection in dogs and cats. Journal of Virology. 2011; 85: 8241–8252.
Hu Z, Ni J, Cao Y, et al. Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for 20 Years: A Focus on Maternally Derived Antibody Interference. Vaccines. 2020; 8: 222.
Jones RC. Respiratory Diseases. 4th Asia Pasific Poultry Health Conference, 22-26 november, 1998, Melbourne Australia.
Jordan FTW. Poultry Diseases. 3th edition. England; Bailliere-Tindal; 1990.
Kaleta EF, Heffels-Redmann U. Workshop on Avian Paramyxoviruses. Commision of the European Communites, 27-29 July 1992, Giessen, Germany
Khehra RS, Jones RC, Bradbury JM. Dual infection of turkey poults with avian pneumovirus and Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Pathology. 1999; 28: 401-404.
Khehra RS, Jones RC. In vıvo and in vitro studies on the pathogenicity of avian pneumovirus for the chicken oviduct. Avian Pathology. 1999; 28: 257-262.
Kim SH, Xiao S, Shive H, et al.Replication, Neurotropism, and Pathogenicity of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotypes 1–9 in Chickens and Ducks. PLos One. 2012; 7 (4): e34927.
Kumar R, Kumar V, Kekungu P, et al. Evaluation of surface glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus as immunogens and reagents for serological diagnosis of infections in pigs: A recombinant Newcastle disease virus approach. Archives of Virology. 2019; 164: 3007–3017.
Liu T, Y Song, Y Yang, et al. Hemagglutinin–Neuraminidase and Fusion Genes are Determinants of NDV Thermostability. Veterinary Microbiology. 2019; 228: 53–60.
Montgomery RD, Maslin WR, Boyle CR. Effects of Newcastle Disease Vaccines and Newcastle Disease /Infectious Bronchitis Combination Vaccines on the Head Associated Lymphoid Tissues of the Chicken. Avian Disease. 1997; 41:399-406.
Nan FL, Zhang H, Nan WL, et al. Lentogenic NDV V protein inhibits IFN responses and represses cell apoptosis. Veterinary Microbiology. 2021; 261: 109181.
Oncel T, Alexander DJ, Manvell RJ, et al. Characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from chickens and pigeons in the South Marmara region of Turkey. Avian Pathology. 1997; 26: 129-137.
Schirrmacher V. Fifty Years of Clinical Application of Newcastle Disease Virus: Time to Celebrate. Biomedicines. 2016;4: 16.
Survashe BD, Desmuskh SG. Newcastle Disease Prevention and Control. Poultry International. 1998; 37 (2): 26-30.
