Tavuk Kolerası
Özet
Tavuk kolerası (kanatlı kolerası, kümes kolerası, kuş kolerası, kuş pastörellozu veya kuş hemorajik septisemisi) kanatlıları etkileyen septisemi ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Etken, Pasteurellaceae familyasının bir üyesi olan Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida olup sağlıklı hayvanların yutak, larinks ve sindirim sistemlerinde fakültatif patojen olarak bulunabilir. Hastalık, morbidite ve mortalite oranlarının yüksekliği ve tedavi/aşı ekonomisi sebebiyle önemli enfeksiyonlardandır. Ergin tavuklar genç tavuklara nazaran enfeksiyona daha duyarlıdır. On altı haftalıktan küçük olan tavuklar genellikle hastalığa dirençlidir. Enfeksiyon yaz sonu, sonbahar ve kış aylarında daha sık gözlenir. Tavuk kolerası akut veya kronik seyir gösterir. Klinik ve nekropsi bulguları hastalığın seyrine göre değişim gösterir. Tanı bakteriyolojik kültür ve moleküler tanı yöntemleri ile yapılır. Tedavide antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testi sonucunda göre belirlenen antibiyotikler kullanılmalıdır. Hastalığın kontrol altına alınmasında biyogüvenlik önlemleri önemlidir ve koruyucu önlem olarak aşılama uygulanmaktadır. Aşılama stratejileri ergin hayvanların yetiştirme tipine göre belirlenir ve iki doz olarak uygulanır.
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