Kampilobakteriyozis
Özet
Kampilobakteriyozis, özellikle Campylobacter jejuni ve Campylobacter coli türlerinin neden olduğu hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaygın görülen zoonotik bir enfeksiyondur. Kanatlı hayvanlar, bu bakterilerin en yaygın rezervuarıdır ve kontamine gıda, özellikle tavuk eti, ana bulaşma yoludur. Tavuklar genellikle asemptomatik taşıyıcıdır, ancak bazı durumlarda karaciğer ve bağırsaklarda hasar görülebilir. Bakteri, bağırsak mukozasına yapışarak kolonizasyon sağlar ve toksinlerle mukozal bütünlüğü bozarak ishal gibi semptomlara yol açar. Kampilobakteriyozis tanısı için dışkı, rektal sürüntü ve gıda örneklerinden yapılan mikrobiyolojik kültürler ve PCR gibi moleküler yöntemler yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır. Campylobacter enfeksiyonlarının kontrolü için çiftlik düzeyinde biyogüvenlik önlemleri ve tüketicilerin eğitimi önemlidir. Antibiyotik direnci nedeniyle doğal alternatifler (prebiyotik ve probiyotikler, uçucu yağlar, bakteriyosinler ve bakteriyofafların kullanımı) umut vaat eden stratejilerdir. Gıda güvenliği standartlarının iyileştirilmesi, bulaşma zincirinin kırılmasında kritik bir rol oynar. Kanatlı kümes hayvanlarında çok çeşitli aşılama stratejilerine yönelik araştırmalar yapılmış olmasına rağmen kampilobakteriyozise karşı hâlihazırda geliştirilmiş ticari bir aşı mevcut değildir.
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