Çocukluk Çağı Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Nardone S and Elliott E: The Interaction between the Immune System and Epigenetics in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci, 2016; 10, 329.

Doshi-Velez F, Ge Y and Kohane I: Comorbidity clusters in autism spectrum disorders: an electronic health record time series analysis. Pediatrics, 2014; 133(1), e54-63.

Maenner MJ, Warren Z and Williams AR. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2023; 72:1–14.

Itard, J., Humphrey, G., and Humphrey; M. First developments of the young savage of Aveyron. In, The wild boy of Aveyron (Rapports et mémoires sur le sauvage de l'Aveyron) 1932; pp. 3-51. The Century Co. doi:10.1037/11591-001.

Greydanus D. and Toledo-Pereyra L.: Historical perspectives on autism: Its past record of discovery and its present state of solipsism, skepticism, and sorrowful suspicion. Patel & Greydanus (Eds.), Autism Spectrum Disorders: Pediatric Clinics of North America. Michigan: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2012.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual: Mental disorders (1st ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1952.

7.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author, 2013.

Hyman SL, Levy SE, Myers SM. Identifcation, evaluation, and management of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. 2020;145(1).

Yenkoyan K., Grigoryan A., Fereshetyan K., et. al: Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. Behav. Brain Res., 2017, 331, 92-101.

Courchesne E., Mouton P.R., Calhoun M.E., et al.: Neuron number and size in prefrontal cortex of children with autism. JAMA, 2011, 306(18), 2001-2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1638 PMID: 22068992.

Turrigiano G.G. and Nelson S.B: Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2004, 5(2), 97-107.

Tillmann, J., Uljarevic, M., Crawley, D. et al. Dissecting the phenotypic heterogeneity in sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: A factor mixture modelling approach. Mol. Autism, 2020; 11(1), 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00367-w PMID: 32867850.

Myers SM andJohnson CP. Management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007;120(5): 1162-82.

Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, et al: Autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020: 6:5. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4.

Schreibman L: Intensive behavioral/psychoeducational treatments for autism: research needs and future directions. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 30(5):373–378.

Lovaas OI: Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987;55:3–9.

New York State Department of Health Clinical Practice Guide line on Assessment and Intervention Services for Young Chil dren (Age 0–3) with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): 2017 Update. New York State Department of Health Bureau of Early Intervention. https ://www.healt h.ny.gov/commu nity/infan ts_ child ren/early _inter venti on/autis m/docs/repor t_recom menda tions_update.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2020.

Reichow B, Hume K, Barton EE, et al: Early inten sive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009260.pub3

Zwaigenbaum L. Early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder under 3 years of age: recommendations for practice and research. Pediatrics 136(Supplement 2015;1):S60 S81. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3667E.

Rogers S. J., Estes A., Lord C., et al: A multisite randomized controlled two-phase trial of the Early Start Denver Model compared to treatment as usual. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019;9, 853–865.

Vinen Z., Clark M., Paynter J. et al. School age outcomes of children with autism spectrum disorder who received community-based early interventions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018; 5, 1673–1683.

Cidav, Z., Munson, J., Estes, A., et al. Cost offset associated with Early Start Denver Model for children with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017; 9, 777–783.

Laugeson EA, Frankel F, Gantman A, et al. Evidence-based social skills training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: the UCLA PEERS program. J Autism Dev Disord 2012; 42:1025–1036. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1080 3-011-1339-1.

Gates JA, Kang E, Lerner MD: Efficacy of group social skills interventions for youth with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 52:164 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.006.

Kasperzack D, Schrott B, Mingebach T, et al: Effectiveness of the stepping stones triple P group parenting program in reducing comor bid behavioral problems in children with autism. Autism 2019; 24(423–436):1362361319866063.

Feroe AG, Uppal N, Gutiérrez-Sacristán A, et al: Medication use in the management of comorbidities among individuals with autism spectrum disorder from a large nationwide insurance database. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(9):957–65.

Mandell DS, Morales KH, Marcus SC, et al. Psychotropic medication use among Medicaidenrolled children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2008; 121(3): e441–8.

Chandana SR, Behen ME, Juhász C, et al: Signifcance of abnormalities in developmental trajectory and asymmetry of cortical serotonin synthesis in autism. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2005;23(2–3):171–82.

Boccuto L, Chen C-F, Pittman AR, et al: Decreased tryptophan metabolism in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Molecular autism. 2013;4(1):1–10.

Williams K, Brignell A, Randall M, et al: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(8).

King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L, et al; STAART Psychopharmacology Network. Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;66(6):583-90. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.30. PMID: 19487623; PMCID: PMC4112556.

Hess LG, Fitzpatrick SE, Nguyen DV, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of low-dose sertraline in young children with fragile X syndrome. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP. 2016;37(8):619.

Potter LA, Scholze DA, Biag HMB, et al. A randomized controlled trial of sertraline in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psych. 2019; 10:810.

Owen R, Sikich L, Marcus RN, et al: Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. Pediatrics. 2009;124(6):1533–40.

McDougle CJ, Scahill L, Aman MG, et al. Risperidone for the core symptom domains of autism: results from the study by the autism network of the research units on pediatric psychopharmacology. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;162(6):1142-8. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1142. PMID: 15930063.

Han JH, Kim JM, Yoo HJ. Examining the Use of Oral Aripiprazole in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study of Retrospective Chart Review at a University Medical Center. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak. 2024 Apr 1;35(2):136-142. doi: 10.5765/jkacap.230057. PMID: 38601108; PMCID: PMC11001499.

Salazar F, Baird G, Chandler S, et al: Co-occurring psychiatric disorders in preschool and elementary school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45(8):2283–94.

Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, et al. Comparative efcacy and tolerability of medications for attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2018; 5(9): 727–38.

Posey DJ, Aman MG, McCracken JT, et al. Positive efects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders: an analysis of secondary measures. Biol Psychiat. 2007; 61(4): 538–44.

Scahill L, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, et al. A prospective open trial of guanfacine in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006; 16(5): 589–98.

Fankhauser MP, Karumanchi VC, German ML, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efcacy of transdermal clonidine in autism. J Clin Psychiatry. 1992; 53(3): 77–82.

Carmassi C, Palagini L, Caruso D, et al. Systematic review of sleep disturbances and circadian sleep desynchronization in autism spectrum disorder: toward an integrative model of a self-reinforcing loop. Front Psych. 2019; 10: 366.

Buckley AW, Hirtz D, Oskoui M, Armstrong MJ, et al: Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and disrupted sleep behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2020; 94(9): 392–404.

Gringras P, Nir T, Breddy J, et al. Efcacy and safety of pediatric prolonged-release melatonin for insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2017; 56(11): 948–57. e4.

Hardan AY, Fung LK, Libove RA, et al: A randomized controlled pilot trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in children with autism. Biol Psychiat. 2012; 71(11): 956–61.

Jardim FR, Almeida FJS, Luckachaki MD, et al: Efects of sulforaphane on brain mitochondria: mechanistic view and future directions. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020; 21(4): 263–79.

Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Jakaria M, et al: Emerging promise of sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 signaling cascade against neurological disorders. Science of the Total Environment. 2020; 707: 135624.

Mazahery H, Conlon CA, Beck KL, et al: A randomised controlled trial of vitamin D and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of irritability and hyperactivity among children with autism spectrum disorder. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019; 187:9–16.

Carter CS: Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998; 23: 779–818.

Anagnostou E, Soorya L, Chaplin W: Intranasal oxytocin versus placebo in the treatment of adults with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Mol Autism 2012; 3: 16.

Yatawara C, Einfeld S, Hickie I, et al. The efect of oxytocin nasal spray on social interaction defcits observed in young children with autism: a randomized clinical crossover trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2016; 21(9): 1225–31.

Anagnostou E, Soorya L, Brian J, et al. Intranasal oxytocin in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: a review of literature and early safety and efcacy data in youth. Brain Res. 2014; 1580:188–98.

Dolen G and Bear MF: Role for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the pathogenesis of fragile X syndrome. J Physiol 2008; 586: 1503–1508.

Silverman L, Hollway JA, Smith T. A multisite trial of atomoxetine and parent training in children with autism spectrum disorders: Rationale and design challenges. Res Autism Spectr Disord 2014; 8: 899–907.

Jacquemont S, Curie A, Des Portes V: Epigenetic modification of the FMR1 gene in fragile X syndrome is associated with differential response to the mGluR5 antagonist AFQ056. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3: 64ra61.

Tsai GE and Lin P-Y: Strategies to enhance N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotransmission in schizophrenia, a critical review and meta-analysis. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16: 522–537.

Posey DJ, Kem DL, Swiezy NB: A pilot study of D-cycloserine in subjects with autistic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 2115–2117.

Erickson CA, Veenstra-Vanderweele JM, Melmed RD: STX209 (arbaclofen) for autism spectrum disorders: An 8-week open-label study. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 44: 958–964.

Berry-Kravis EM, Hessl D, Rathmell B.: Effects of STX209 (arbaclofen) on neurobehavioral function in children and adults with fragile X syndrome: A randomized, controlled, phase 2 trial. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:152ra127.

Sripada RK, Marx CE, King AP: Allopregnanolone elevations following pregnenolone administration are associated with enhanced activation of emotion regulation neurocircuits. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73: 1045–1053.

Deutsch, S.I., Urbano, M.R., Neumann, S.A., et al: “Cholinergic abnormalities in autism: is there a rationale for selective nicotinic agonist interventions?”, Clinical Neuropharmacology, 2010; Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 14-20.

Karvat, G. and Kimchi, T: “Acetylcholine elevation relieves cognitive rigidity and social deficiency in a mouse model of autism”, Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014; Vol. 39 No. 4, pp. 831-40.

Rossignol, D.A. and Frye, R.E: “The use of medications approved for Alzheimer’s disease in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review”, Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2014; Vol. 2, pp. 87-95. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00087.

Lemonnier E and Ben-Ari Y: The diuretic bumetanide decreases autistic behaviour in fve infants treated during 3 months with no side efects. Acta Paediatr. 2010; 99(12): 1885–8.

Lemonnier E, Villeneuve N, Sonie S, et al: Efects of bumetanide on neurobehavioral function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Translational psychiatry. 2017; 7(3): e1056-e.

Fernell E, Gustafsson P, Gillberg C: Bumetanide for autism: openlabel trial in six children. Acta Paediatr. 2021; 110(5): 1548–53.

Sprengers JJ, Van Andel DM, Zuithof NP, et al: Bumetanide for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (BAMBI): a single center, double-blinded, participantrandomized, placebo-controlled, phase-2 superiority trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021; 60(7): 865–76.

Patricio F, Morales-Andrade AA, Patricio-Martínez A, et al. Cannabidiol as a therapeutic target: Evidence of its neuroprotective and neuromodulatory function in parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2020;11.

Bakas T, Van Nieuwenhuijzen P, Devenish S, et al: The direct actions of cannabidiol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol at GABAA receptors. Pharmacol Res. 2017; 119:358–70.

Qin M, Zeidler Z, Moulton K, et al: Endocannabinoid-mediated improvement on a test of aversive memory in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Behav Brain Res. 2015; 291:164–71.

Aran A, Harel M, Cassuto H, et al: Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial. Molecular Autism. 2021;12(1):6.