Endometriozis
Özet
Endometriozis, uterusun dış dokularında endometrial bez ve stromanın varlığı ile karakteize bir hastalıktır. Tanısı genellikle cerrahiyle konur ve hastalık, pelvik ağrı, dismenore, infertilite gibi semptomlara yol açar. Endometriozisin etyopatogenezi çok sayıda faktöre bağlıdır; retrograd menstruasyon, genetik yatkınlık, immünolojik anormallikler ve hormonal etkiler bu süreçte rol oynar. Tanı için laparoskopi altın standarttır. Tedavi yöntemleri arasında cerrahi müdahale, hormonal tedavi ve ağrı yönetimi mevcuttur. Semptomlar, hastadan hastaya farklılık gösterir. Bazı vakalar ise asemptomatik olabilir. Endometriozisin tanısında fizik muayenede genellikle normal olabilir, ancak bazı bölgelerdeki pelvik ağrı, nodüller ve organların hareketi kısıtlılığı gözlemlenebilir. Tanı için serum belirteçleri, özellikle CA-125 kullanılır, ancak bunların kullanımı kısıtlıdır. Görüntüleme yöntemleri arasında ultrasonografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI) öne çıkar, ancak cerrahi müdahale altın standarttır. Endometriozisin evrelemesi, rASRM ve ENZIAN sistemleriyle yapılır. Tedavi seçeneklerini izlem, tıbbi ve cerrahi tedavi olarak sınıflandırılır. Medikal tedavi, hormon baskılanmasını sağlar, cerrahi tedavi ise odaklanmaların eksizyonunu hedefler.
Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of endometrial gland and stroma in the outer tissues of the uterus. Its diagnosis is usually made by surgery and the disease leads to symptoms such as pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility. The etiopathogenesis of endometriosis depends on a large number of factors; retrograde menstruation, genetic predisposition, immunological abnormalities and hormonal influences play a role in this process. Laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Among the treatment methods, surgical intervention, hormonal therapy and pain management are available. Dec. The symptoms differ from patient to patient. Some cases may be asymptomatic. In the diagnosis of endometriosis, it may usually be normal on physical examination, but pelvic pain, nodules and restricted movement of organs in some areas may be observed. Serum markers, especially CA-125, are used for diagnosis, but their use is limited. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stand out among the imaging methods, but surgical intervention is the gold standard Dec. The staging of endometriosis is performed by rASRM and ENZYME systems. Monitoring treatment options is classified as medical and surgical treatment. Medical treatment provides hormone suppression, while surgical treatment aims at excision of foci.
Referanslar
R. Matorras, F. Rodíquez, J. I. Pijoan, O. Ramón, G. G. de Terán, ve F. Rodríguez-Escudero, “Epidemiology of endometriosis in infertile women”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 63, sy 1, ss. 34-38, Oca. 1995, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57293-8.
D. W. Cramer ve S. A. Missmer, “The Epidemiology of Endometriosis”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, c. 955, sy 1, ss. 11-22, Mar. 2002, doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02761.x.
J. Papadimitriou, “‘Thanatosomes’: A unifying morphogenetic concept for tumor hyaline globules related to apoptosis”, Human Pathology, c. 31, sy 12, ss. 1455-1465, Ara. 2000, doi: 10.1053/hupa.2000.20376.
M. Arafah, S. Rashid, ve M. Akhtar, “Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Review”, Advances in Anatomic Pathology, c. 28, sy 1, ss. 30-43, Oca. 2021, doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000288.
A. AlAshqar, L. Reschke, G. W. Kirschen, ve M. A. Borahay, “Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies†”, Biology of Reproduction, c. 105, sy 1, ss. 7-31, Tem. 2021, doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioab054.
G. Benagiano, I. Brosens, ve D. Lippi, “The History of Endometriosis”, Gynecol Obstet Invest, c. 78, sy 1, ss. 1-9, 2014, doi: 10.1159/000358919.
E. Stellwagen ve J. Babul, “Stabilization of the globular structure of ferricytochrome c by chloride in acidic solvents”, Biochemistry, c. 14, sy 23, ss. 5135-5140, Kas. 1975, doi: 10.1021/bi00694a018.
T. El‐Toukhy, “Prevalence of endometriosis: how close are we to the truth?”, BJOG, c. 128, sy 4, ss. 666-666, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16466.
M. Hickey, K. Ballard, ve C. Farquhar, “Endometriosis”, BMJ, c. 348, sy mar19 5, ss. g1752-g1752, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1136/bmj.g1752.
D. P. Goldstein, C. deCholnoky, S. J. Emans, ve J. M. Leventhal, “Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pelvic pain in adolescents”, J Reprod Med, c. 24, sy 6, ss. 251-256, Haz. 1980.
S. A. Missmer ve D. W. Cramer, “The epidemiology of endometriosis.”, Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, c. 30, sy 1, ss. 1-19, 2003.
Pokras,R., “Ambulatory and inpatient procedures in the United States, 1994 (No. 132). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.”, içinde vital and health statistics, 1994.
C. Ladanyi, S. Boyd, P. Sticco, ve S. Mohling, “Postmenopausal endometriosis, where are we now?”, Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, c. 31, sy 4, ss. 267-278, Ağu. 2019, doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000548.
C. Chapron, L. Marcellin, B. Borghese, ve P. Santulli, “Rethinking mechanisms, diagnosis and management of endometriosis”, Nat Rev Endocrinol, c. 15, sy 11, ss. 666-682, Kas. 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0245-z.
D. E. Houston, “EVIDENCE FOR THE RISK OF PELVIC ENDOMETRIOSIS BY AGE, RACE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS1”, Epidemiologic Reviews, c. 6, sy 1, ss. 167-191, 1984, doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036270.
J. A. Sampson, “Metastatic or Embolic Endometriosis, due to the Menstrual Dissemination of Endometrial Tissue into the Venous Circulation”, Am J Pathol, c. 3, sy 2, ss. 93-110.43, Mar. 1927.
L. C. Giudice ve L. C. Kao, “Endometriosis Lancet”, CrossRef-PubMed-Web of Science® Times Cited, c. 1364, sy 364, ss. 1789-99, 2004.
R. O. Burney ve L. C. Giudice, “Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 98, sy 3, ss. 511-519, Eyl. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.029.
M. Ceccaroni vd., “Pericardial, pleural and diaphragmatic endometriosis in association with pelvic peritoneal and bowel endometriosis: a case report and review of the literature”, Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 122-131, Haz. 2012, doi: 10.5114/wiitm.2011.26758.
T. Maruyama, “Stem cell theory for the pathogenesis of endometriosis”, Front Biosci, c. E4, sy 8, ss. 2754-2763, 2012, doi: 10.2741/e589.
G. A. Vilos, J. Hollett-Caines, B. Abu-Rafea, R. Ahmad, ve M. F. Mazurek, “Resolution of Catamenial Epilepsy after Goserelin Therapy and Oophorectomy: Case Report of Presumed Cerebral Endometriosis”, Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, c. 18, sy 1, ss. 128-130, Oca. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.09.002.
Y. Song vd., “Increased expression of the pluripotency markers sex-determining region Y-box 2 and Nanog homeobox in ovarian endometriosis”, Reprod Biol Endocrinol, c. 12, sy 1, s. 42, Ara. 2014, doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-42.
A. W. Nap, P. G. Groothuis, A. Y. Demir, J. L. H. Evers, ve G. A. J. Dunselman, “Pathogenesis of endometriosis”, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, c. 18, sy 2, ss. 233-244, Nis. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.01.005.
K. T. Zondervan, C. M. Becker, K. Koga, S. A. Missmer, R. N. Taylor, ve P. Viganò, “Endometriosis”, Nat Rev Dis Primers, c. 4, sy 1, s. 9, Tem. 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0008-5.
L. C. Giudice, “Endometriosis. Clinical Practice”, New England Journal of Medicine, c. 362, ss. 2389-2398, 2010.
K. Ballard, H. Seaman, C. De Vries, ve J. Wright, “Can symptomatology help in the diagnosis of endometriosis? Findings from a national case-control study-Part 1”, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, c. 115, sy 11, ss. 1382-1391, Eki. 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01878.x.
S. A. Missmer, S. E. Hankinson, D. Spiegelman, R. L. Barbieri, K. B. Michels, ve D. J. Hunter, “In utero exposures and the incidence of endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 82, sy 6, ss. 1501-1508, Ara. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.04.065.
“Environmental Dioxins and Endometriosis”, Semin Reprod Med, c. 21, sy 2, ss. 145-154, 2003, doi: 10.1055/s-2003-41321.
S. A. Missmer, “Incidence of Laparoscopically Confirmed Endometriosis by Demographic, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Factors”, American Journal of Epidemiology, c. 160, sy 8, ss. 784-796, Eki. 2004, doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh275.
L. V. Farland, A. H. Eliassen, R. M. Tamimi, D. Spiegelman, K. B. Michels, ve S. A. Missmer, “History of breast feeding and risk of incident endometriosis: prospective cohort study”, BMJ, s. j3778, Ağu. 2017, doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3778.
W. Kuohung vd., “Characteristics of patients with endometriosis in the United States and the United Kingdom”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 78, sy 4, ss. 767-772, Eki. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03342-3.
I. M. Matalliotakis, A. Arici, H. Cakmak, A. G. Goumenou, G. Koumantakis, ve N. G. Mahutte, “Familial aggregation of endometriosis in the Yale Series”, Arch Gynecol Obstet, c. 278, sy 6, ss. 507-511, Ara. 2008, doi: 10.1007/s00404-008-0644-1.
P. Viganò, F. Parazzini, E. Somigliana, ve P. Vercellini, “Endometriosis: epidemiology and aetiological factors”, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, c. 18, sy 2, ss. 177-200, Nis. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.01.007.
“Endometriosis: The Ultimate Hormonal Disease”, Semin Reprod Med, c. 21, sy 2, ss. 125-134, 2003, doi: 10.1055/s-2003-41319.
J. Kitawaki, N. Kado, H. Ishihara, H. Koshiba, Y. Kitaoka, ve H. Honjo, “Endometriosis: the pathophysiology as an estrogen-dependent disease”, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, c. 83, sy 1-5, ss. 149-155, Ara. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0960-0760(02)00260-1.
K. Zeitoun vd., “Deficient 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Endometriosis: Failure to Metabolize 17β-Estradiol 1”, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, c. 83, sy 12, ss. 4474-4480, Ara. 1998, doi: 10.1210/jcem.83.12.5301.
L. S. Noble vd., “Prostaglandin E 2 Stimulates Aromatase Expression in Endometriosis-Derived Stromal Cells 1”, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, c. 82, sy 2, ss. 600-606, Şub. 1997, doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.2.3783.
K. L. Bruner-Tran, A. C. Carvalho-Macedo, A. J. Duleba, M. A. Crispens, ve K. G. Osteen, “Experimental endometriosis in immunocompromised mice after adoptive transfer of human leukocytes”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 93, sy 8, ss. 2519-2524, May. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.076.
E. Attar ve S. E. Bulun, “Aromatase and other steroidogenic genes in endometriosis: translational aspects”, Human Reproduction Update, c. 12, sy 1, ss. 49-56, Oca. 2006, doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmi034.
K. Zeitoun, K. Takayama, M. D. Michael, ve S. E. Bulun, “Stimulation of Aromatase P450 Promoter (II) Activity in Endometriosis and Its Inhibition in Endometrium Are Regulated by Competitive Binding of Steroidogenic Factor-1 and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor to the Same cis-Acting Element”, Molecular Endocrinology, c. 13, sy 2, ss. 239-253, Şub. 1999, doi: 10.1210/mend.13.2.0229.
vural erk,ahmet birol, Klinik Jinekolojik Endokrinoloji ve infertilite, 7. bs. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri, 2007.
N. Santanam, A. A. Murphy, ve S. Parthasarathy, “Macrophages, Oxidation, and Endometriosis”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, c. 955, sy 1, ss. 183-198, Mar. 2002, doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02779.x.
A. Van Langendonckt, F. Casanas-Roux, ve J. Donnez, “Oxidative stress and peritoneal endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 77, sy 5, ss. 861-870, May. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02959-X.
H. M. Albertsen, R. Chettier, P. Farrington, ve K. Ward, “Genome-Wide Association Study Link Novel Loci to Endometriosis”, PLoS ONE, c. 8, sy 3, s. e58257, Mar. 2013, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058257.
D. Coxhead ve E. J. Thomas, “Familial inheritance of endometriosis in a British population. A case control study”, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, c. 13, sy 1, ss. 42-44, Oca. 1993, doi: 10.3109/01443619309151773.
A. G. Goumenou, D. A. Arvanitis, I. M. Matalliotakis, E. E. Koumantakis, ve D. A. Spandidos, “Microsatellite DNA assays reveal an allelic imbalance in p16Ink4, GALT, p53, and APOA2 loci in patients with endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 75, sy 1, ss. 160-165, Oca. 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01663-0.
J. P. Whitlock, “Genetic and Molecular Aspects of 2,3,7,8-Tetra-Chlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin Action”, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., c. 30, sy 1, ss. 251-277, Nis. 1990, doi: 10.1146/annurev.pa.30.040190.001343.
T. R. Sutter, K. Guzman, K. M. Dold, ve W. F. Greenlee, “Targets for Dioxin: Genes for Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 and Interleukin-1β”, Science, c. 254, sy 5030, ss. 415-418, Eki. 1991, doi: 10.1126/science.1925598.
C. Mehedintu, M. N. Plotogea, S. Ionescu, ve M. Antonovici, “Endometriosis still a challenge”, J Med Life, c. 7, sy 3, ss. 349-357, Eyl. 2014.
J. P. Myers, L. J. Guillette, P. Palanza, S. Parmigiani, S. H. Swan, ve F. S. V. Saal, “THE EMERGING SCIENCE OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION”, içinde International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 30th Session, Erice, Italy: WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Mar. 2004, ss. 105-121. doi: 10.1142/9789812702753_0011.
Tuech, JJ, M.C. Rousselet, ve J. Boyef, “Endometrial cyst of the over. casereport and review.Fertil Steril”, ss. 234-6, 2003.
C. Chapron vd., “A new validated screening method for endometriosis diagnosis based on patient questionnaires”, eClinicalMedicine, c. 44, s. 101263, Şub. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101263.
S. Guerriero, V. Mais, S. Ajossa, A. M. Paoletti, M. Angiolucci, ve G. B. Melis, “Transvaginal ultrasonography combined with CA-125 plasma levels in the diagnosis of endometrioma”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 65, sy 2, ss. 293-298, Şub. 1996, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58088-1.
“Diagnosis of Endometriosis”, Semin Reprod Med, c. 21, sy 2, ss. 193-208, 2003, doi: 10.1055/s-2003-41326.
S. K. Agarwal vd., “Clinical diagnosis of endometriosis: a call to action”, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, c. 220, sy 4, s. 354.e1-354.e12, Nis. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.12.039.
B. Eskenazi, M. Warner, L. Bonsignore, D. Olive, S. Samuels, ve P. Vercellini, “Validation study of nonsurgical diagnosis of endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 76, sy 5, ss. 929-935, Kas. 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02736-4.
M. B. Barcellos, B. Lasmar, ve R. Lasmar, “Agreement between the preoperative findings and the operative diagnosis in patients with deep endometriosis”, Arch Gynecol Obstet, c. 293, sy 4, ss. 845-850, Nis. 2016, doi: 10.1007/s00404-015-3892-x.
R. L. Gustofson, N. Kim, S. Liu, ve P. Stratton, “Endometriosis and the appendix: a case series and comprehensive review of the literature”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 86, sy 2, ss. 298-303, Ağu. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.076.
S. Jenkins, D. L. Olive, ve A. F. Haney, “Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution”, Obstet Gynecol, c. 67, sy 3, ss. 335-338, Mar. 1986.
A. Audebert, S. Petousis, C. Margioula-Siarkou, K. Ravanos, N. Prapas, ve Y. Prapas, “Anatomic distribution of endometriosis: A reappraisal based on series of 1101 patients”, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, c. 230, ss. 36-40, Kas. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.09.001.
A. K. Sinha, A. Agarwal, M. Lakhey, A. Mishra, ve S. P. Sah, “Incidence of pelvic and extrapelvic endometriosis in Eastern region of Nepal”, Indian J Pathol Microbiol, c. 46, sy 1, ss. 20-23, Oca. 2003.
R. Victory, M. P. Diamond, ve D. A. Johns, “Villar’s nodule: A case report and systematic literature review of endometriosis externa of the umbilicus”, Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, c. 14, sy 1, ss. 23-32, Oca. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2006.07.014.
T. J. Jaime, T. J. Jaime, P. Ormiga, F. Leal, O. M. Nogueira, ve N. Rodrigues, “Umbilical endometriosis: report of a case and its dermoscopic features*”, An. Bras. Dermatol., c. 88, sy 1, ss. 121-124, Şub. 2013, doi: 10.1590/S0365-05962013000100019.
H. J. Lee, Y. M. Park, B. C. Jee, Y. B. Kim, ve C. S. Suh, “Various anatomic locations of surgically proven endometriosis: A single-center experience”, Obstet Gynecol Sci, c. 58, sy 1, s. 53, 2015, doi: 10.5468/ogs.2015.58.1.53.
P. F. Fedele L, Bocciolone L, Bianchi S, ve Di NG, “Pain symptoms associated with endometriosis.”, Obstet Gynecol, sy 79, ss. 767-69, 1992.
“Revised American Fertility Society Classification of Endometriosis: 1985”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 43, sy 3, ss. 351-352, Mar. 1985, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48430-X.
A. Bouhmidi, A. Sánchez Torres, T. Martínez Jiménez, R. Sáez Macia, G. Sánchez De La Villa, ve C. Montes Clavero, “Endometriosis rectosigmoidea”, Rev. esp. enferm. dig., c. 98, sy 10, Eki. 2006, doi: 10.4321/S1130-01082006001000017.
V. Zugor ve G. Schott, “Endometriose mit Ureterbeteiligung”, Aktuel Urol, c. 38, sy 1, ss. 55-58, Oca. 2007, doi: 10.1055/s-2006-932161.
C. M. Parker, R. Nolan, ve M. D. Lougheed, “Catamenial Hemoptysis and Pneumothoraces in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis”, Canadian Respiratory Journal, c. 14, sy 5, ss. 295-297, 2007, doi: 10.1155/2007/141028.
“Endometriosis and Subfertility: Is the Relationship Resolved?”, Semin Reprod Med, c. 21, sy 2, ss. 243-254, 2003, doi: 10.1055/s-2003-41330.
A. Gianetto-Berrutti ve V. Feyles, “Endometriosis related to infertility”, Minerva Ginecol, c. 55, sy 5, ss. 407-416, Eki. 2003.
A. M. Propst, K. Storti, ve R. L. Barbieri, “Lateral cervical displacement is associated with endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 70, sy 3, ss. 568-570, Eyl. 1998, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00188-5.
P. R. Koninckx, C. Meuleman, D. Oosterlynck, ve F. J. Cornillie, “Diagnosis of deep endometriosis by clinical examination during menstruation and plasma CA-125 concentration”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 65, sy 2, ss. 280-287, Şub. 1996, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58086-8.
A. L. Hsu, I. Khachikyan, ve P. Stratton, “Invasive and Noninvasive Methods for the Diagnosis of Endometriosis”, Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, c. 53, sy 2, ss. 413-419, Haz. 2010, doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181db7ce8.
Berek J. S, Berek& Novak Jinekoloji, 14. bs. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2007.
Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest vd., “Minimally invasive diagnosis of endometriosis”, Ro J Med Pract., c. 16, sy 1, ss. 25-31, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.37897/RJMP.2021.1.5.
B. Ortiz-Muñoz vd., “HE4, Ca125 and ROMA algorithm for differential diagnosis between benign gynaecological diseases and ovarian cancer”, Tumor Biol., c. 35, sy 7, ss. 7249-7258, Tem. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-1945-6.
J. F. Tseng vd., “Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis.”, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, c. 81, sy 3, ss. 1118-1122, Mar. 1996, doi: 10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772585.
M. A. Bedaiwy, “Prediction of endometriosis with serum and peritoneal fluid markers: a prospective controlled trial”, Human Reproduction, c. 17, sy 2, ss. 426-431, Şub. 2002, doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.2.426.
T. Harada, T. Kubota, ve T. Aso, “Usefulness of CA19-9 versus CA125 for the diagnosis of endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 78, sy 4, ss. 733-739, Eki. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03328-9.
V. Nisenblat, P. M. Bossuyt, C. Farquhar, N. Johnson, ve M. L. Hull, “Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis”, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, c. 2016, sy 2, Şub. 2016, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009591.pub2.
V. Mais, S. Guerriero, S. Ajossa, M. Angiolucci, A. M. Paoletti, ve G. B. Melis, “The efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrioma”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 60, sy 5, ss. 776-780, Kas. 1993, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)56275-X.
K. M. Johnson, “Endometriosis. The case for early, aggressive treatment”, J Reprod Med, c. 43, sy 3 Suppl, ss. 309-315, Mar. 1998.
S. Guerriero vd., “Transvaginal ultrasound vs magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing deep infiltrating endometriosis: systematic review and meta‐analysis”, Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne, c. 51, sy 5, ss. 586-595, May. 2018, doi: 10.1002/uog.18961.
günalp,serdar ve vural erk,ahmet birol, “Klinik Jinekolojik Endokrinoloji ve infertilite”, Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri., c. 7, ss. 1103-1135, 2007.
P. Rousset vd., “MR diagnosis of diaphragmatic endometriosis”, Eur Radiol, c. 26, sy 11, ss. 3968-3977, Kas. 2016, doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4226-5.
T. Hirata vd., “A National Survey of Umbilical Endometriosis in Japan”, Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, c. 27, sy 1, ss. 80-87, Oca. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.02.021.
American Society For Reproductive Medicine, “Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis: 1996”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 67, sy 5, ss. 817-821, May. 1997, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81391-X.
F. Tuttlies vd., “ENZIAN-Score, eine Klassifikation der tief infiltrierenden Endometriose”, Zentralbl Gynakol, c. 127, sy 05, ss. 275-281, Eyl. 2005, doi: 10.1055/s-2005-836904.
J. Keckstein vd., “The #Enzian classification: A comprehensive non-invasive and surgical description system for endometriosis”, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, c. 100, sy 7, ss. 1165-1175, Tem. 2021, doi: 10.1111/aogs.14099.
S.-Y. Lee, Y.-J. Koo, ve D.-H. Lee, “Classification of endometriosis”, Yeungnam Univ J Med, c. 38, sy 1, ss. 10-18, Oca. 2021, doi: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00444.
C. Tomassetti, “Why and when you should use the endometriosis fertility index (EFI)”, BJOG, c. 127, sy 7, ss. 810-810, Haz. 2020, doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16180.
G. D. Adamson ve D. J. Pasta, “Endometriosis fertility index: the new, validated endometriosis staging system”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 94, sy 5, ss. 1609-1615, Eki. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.035.
C. Zeng, J. Xu, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhou, S. Zhu, ve Q. Xue, “Reproductive Performance after Surgery for Endometriosis: Predictive Value of the Revised American Fertility Society Classification and the Endometriosis Fertility Index”, Gynecol Obstet Invest, c. 77, sy 3, ss. 180-185, 2014, doi: 10.1159/000358390.
W. Wang vd., “Endometriosis fertility index score maybe more accurate for predicting the outcomes of in vitro fertilisation than r-AFS classification in women with endometriosis”, Reprod Biol Endocrinol, c. 11, sy 1, s. 112, 2013, doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-112.
T. Indrielle-Kelly, M. Fanta, F. Frühauf, A. Burgetová, D. Cibula, ve D. Fischerová, “Are we better off using multiple endometriosis classifications in imaging and surgery than settle for one universal less than perfect protocol? Review of staging systems in ultrasound, magnetic resonance and surgery”, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, c. 42, sy 1, ss. 10-16, Oca. 2022, doi: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1887111.
P. H. Kodaman, “Current Strategies for Endometriosis Management”, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, c. 42, sy 1, ss. 87-101, Mar. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.10.005.
“Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:927. 52”.
J. L. Evers, G. A. Dunselman, J. A. Land, ve P. X. Bouckaert, “Is there a solution for recurrent endometriosis?”, Br J Clin Pract Suppl, c. 72, ss. 45-50; discussion 51-53, 1991.
H. Roman, “Prise en charge d’une endométriose douloureuse”, Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, c. 36, sy 2, ss. 141-150, Nis. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2006.12.008.
P. Vercellini, E. Somigliana, P. Viganò, A. Abbiati, G. Barbara, ve P. G. Crosignani, “Endometriosis: Current Therapies and New Pharmacological Developments”, Drugs, c. 69, sy 6, ss. 649-675, 2009, doi: 10.2165/00003495-200969060-00002.
Z. Harel, “Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments and management strategies”, Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, c. 9, sy 15, ss. 2661-2672, Eki. 2008, doi: 10.1517/14656566.9.15.2661.
S. Rafique ve A. H. Decherney, “Medical Management of Endometriosis”, Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, c. 60, sy 3, ss. 485-496, Eyl. 2017, doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000292.
L. Fedele, S. Bianchi, S. Montefusco, G. Frontino, ve L. Carmignani, “A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a continuous oral contraceptive pill in the treatment of bladder endometriosis”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 90, sy 1, ss. 183-184, Tem. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.060.
R. F. Casper, “Progestin-only pills may be a better first-line treatment for endometriosis than combined estrogen-progestin contraceptive pills”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 107, sy 3, ss. 533-536, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.01.003.
S. Kennedy vd., “ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis”, Human Reproduction, c. 20, sy 10, ss. 2698-2704, Eki. 2005, doi: 10.1093/humrep/dei135.
S. Mechsner, “Endometriosis, an Ongoing Pain—Step-by-Step Treatment”, JCM, c. 11, sy 2, s. 467, Oca. 2022, doi: 10.3390/jcm11020467.
G. D. Adamson ve D. J. Pasta, “Surgical treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility: Meta-analysis compared with survival analysis”, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, c. 171, sy 6, ss. 1488-1505, Ara. 1994, doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(94)90392-1.
M. A. Bruhat, G. Mage, C. Chapron, J. L. Pouly, M. Canis, ve A. Wattiez, “Presentday endoscopic surgery in gynecology”, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, c. 41, sy 1, ss. 4-13, Ağu. 1991, doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(91)90308-8.
N. P. Johnson vd., “Consensus on current management of endometriosis”, Human Reproduction, c. 28, sy 6, ss. 1552-1568, Haz. 2013, doi: 10.1093/humrep/det050.
M. Cosson vd., “Dienogest is as effective as triptorelin in the treatment of endometriosis after laparoscopic surgery: results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized study”, Fertility and Sterility, c. 77, sy 4, ss. 684-692, Nis. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)03270-8.
L. Fedele, S. Bianchi, G. Zanconato, R. Raffaelli, ve N. Berlanda, “Is rectovaginal endometriosis a progressive disease?”, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, c. 191, sy 5, ss. 1539-1542, Kas. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.104.
M. S. Abrao, F. Petraglia, T. Falcone, J. Keckstein, Y. Osuga, ve C. Chapron, “Deep endometriosis infiltrating the recto-sigmoid: critical factors to consider before management”, Human Reproduction Update, c. 21, sy 3, ss. 329-339, May. 2015, doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmv003.
M. P. Andres, C. Souza, M. Villaescusa, M. Vieira, ve M. S. Abrao, “The current role of robotic surgery in endometriosis management”, Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, c. 17, sy 1, ss. 63-73, Oca. 2022, doi: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2031976.
