Metabolic Syndrome With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Stener-Victorin E, Teede H, Norman RJ, Legro R, Goodarzi MO, Dokras A, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024 Apr 18;10(1):27.

Chandrasekaran S, Sagili H. Metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 2018 Oct;20(4):245–52.

Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, Dokras A, Moran LJ, Piltonen TT, et al. Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):2447–69.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 22]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353443

Stein IF, Leventhal ML. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1935;29(2):181–91.

Christ JP, Cedars MI. Current guidelines for diagnosing PCOS. Diagnostics. 2023;13(6):1113.

Zawadri J. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. Polycystic ovary syndrome Current issues in endocrinology and metabolism [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2025 Feb 22]; Available from: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570854176046154112

ESHRE TR, Group ASPCW. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and sterility. 2004;81(1):19–25.

Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004 Jan;19(1):41–7.

Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an androgen excess society guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(11):4237–45.

Health NI of. Evidence-based methodology workshop on polycystic ovary syndrome. Final report Executive summary Bethesda, Maryland. 2012;1–14.

Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Human reproduction. 2018;33(9):1602–18.

Sadeghi HM, Adeli I, Calina D, Docea AO, Mousavi T, Daniali M, et al. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Management, and Drug Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 6;23(2):583.

Ibáñez L, Oberfield SE, Witchel S, Auchus RJ, Chang RJ, Codner E, et al. An International Consortium Update: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017;88(6):371–95.

Dabadghao P. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun;33(3):101272.

Barrett ES, Sobolewski M. Polycystic ovary syndrome: do endocrine-disrupting chemicals play a role? Semin Reprod Med. 2014 May;32(3):166–76.

He FF, Li YM. Role of gut microbiota in the development of insulin resistance and the mechanism underlying polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. J Ovarian Res. 2020 Jun 17;13(1):73.

Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocr Rev. 2016 Oct;37(5):467–520.

Rothenberg SS, Beverley R, Barnard E, Baradaran-Shoraka M, Sanfilippo JS. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Apr;48:103–14.

Zeng X, Xie YJ, Liu YT, Long SL, Mo ZC. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Correlation between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity. Clin Chim Acta. 2020 Mar;502:214–21.

Lim SS, Davies MJ, Norman RJ, Moran LJ. Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human reproduction update. 2012;18(6):618–37.

Escobar-Morreale HF, San Millán JL. Abdominal adiposity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;18(7):266–72.

Rudnicka E, Suchta K, Grymowicz M, Calik-Ksepka A, Smolarczyk K, Duszewska AM, et al. Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 6;22(7):3789.

Rehman K, Akash MSH. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses and development of insulin resistance: how are they interlinked? J Biomed Sci. 2016 Dec;23(1):87.

Weisser SB, McLarren KW, Kuroda E, Sly LM. Generation and Characterization of Murine Alternatively Activated Macrophages. In: Helgason CD, Miller CL, editors. Basic Cell Culture Protocols [Internet]. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2013 [cited 2025 Feb 22]. p. 225–39. (Methods in Molecular Biology; vol. 946). Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-62703-128-8_14

Chylikova J, Dvorackova J, Tauber Z, Kamarad V. M1/M2 macrophage polarization in human obese adipose tissue. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2018;162(2):79–82.

Lee BC, Lee J. Cellular and molecular players in adipose tissue inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease. 2014;1842(3):446–62.

Haase J, Weyer U, Immig K, Klöting N, Blüher M, Eilers J, et al. Local proliferation of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity-induced inflammation. Diabetologia. 2014;57:562–71.

Bluher M, Bashan N, Shai I, Harman-Boehm I, Tarnovscki T, Avinaoch E, et al. Activated Ask1-MKK4-p38MAPK/JNK stress signaling pathway in human omental fat tissue may link macrophage infiltration to whole-body Insulin sensitivity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2009;94(7):2507–15.

Laganà AS, Rossetti P, Sapia F, Chiofalo B, Buscema M, Valenti G, et al. Evidence-based and patient-oriented inositol treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: changing the perspective of the disease. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2017;15(1):e43695.

Shukla P, Mukherjee S. Mitochondrial dysfunction: an emerging link in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mitochondrion. 2020;52:24–39.

Uysal S, Zeki Isik A, Eris S, Yigit S, Yalcin Y, Ozun Ozbay P. Correlation of Endometrial Glycodelin Expression and Pregnancy Outcome in Cases with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated with Clomiphene Citrate Plus Metformin: A Controlled Study. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2015;2015:1–8.

Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The American journal of medicine. 2001;111(8):607–13.

Yilmaz M, Bi˙ri˙ A, Bukan N, Karakoç A, Sancak B, Törüner F, et al. Levels of lipoprotein and homocysteine in non-obese and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology. 2005 May;20(5):258–63.

Wild RA, Painter PC, Coulson PB, Carruth KB, Ranney GB. Lipoprotein lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Nov;61(5):946–51.

Macut D, Damjanovic S, Panidis D, Spanos N, Glisic B, Petakov M, et al. Oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentration - early marker of an altered lipid metabolism in young women with PCOS. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jul;155(1):131–6.

Savage DB, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Physiol Rev. 2007 Apr;87(2):507–20.

Berneis K, Rizzo M, Hersberger M, Rini GB, Di Fede G, Pepe I, et al. Atherogenic forms of dyslipidaemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Clin Pract. 2009 Jan;63(1):56–62.

Essah PA, Nestler JE, Carmina E. Differences in dyslipidemia between American and Italian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008 Jan;31(1):35–41.

Graf MJ, Richards CJ, Brown V, Meissner L, Dunaif A. The independent effects of hyperandrogenaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, and obesity on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990 Jul;33(1):119–31.

Osibogun O, Ogunmoroti O, Michos ED. Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiometabolic risk: Opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020 Oct 1;30(7):399–404.

Joham AE, Boyle JA, Zoungas S, Teede HJ. Hypertension in Reproductive-Aged Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Association With Obesity. Am J Hypertens. 2015 Jul;28(7):847–51.

Marchesan LB, Spritzer PM. ACC/AHA 2017 definition of high blood pressure: implications for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2019 Mar;111(3):579-587.e1.

Cascella T, Palomba S, Tauchmanovà L, Manguso F, Di Biase S, Labella D, et al. Serum aldosterone concentration and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4395–400.

Fahs D, Salloum D, Nasrallah M, Ghazeeri G. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Controversies in Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Apr 26;13(9):1559. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13091559. PMID: 37174950; PMCID: PMC10177792.

Madusudhanan RR, Nambisan B, Brahmanandan M, Radha S. Study on the Prevalence and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age Group with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2016 Jul 1;9(4):341–7.

Glueck CJ, Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve-Smith L. Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome. Metabolism. 2003 Jul;52(7):908–15.

(PDF) Prevalence and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Malaysia, Malaysia. ResearchGate [Internet]. 2025 Feb 21 [cited 2025 Feb 22]

Rantakallio JSS, Nevalainen JE, West SI, Ollila MM, Puukka K, Bloigu AH, et al. Association of Self-Reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity, and Weight Gain From Adolescence to Adulthood With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Community-Based Approach. Hypertension. 2021 Mar 3;77(3):1010–9.

Guo F, Gong Z, Fernando T, Zhang L, Zhu X, Shi Y. The Lipid Profiles in Different Characteristics of Women with PCOS and the Interaction Between Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Disorder States: A Retrospective Study in Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:892125.

Cander S, Şişman P, Gül ÖÖ. Evaluation of insulin resistance and vitamin D levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Turk J Int Med. 2022 Apr 29;4(2):66–72.

Zachurzok-Buczynska A, Szydlowski L, Gawlik A, Wilk K, Malecka-Tendera E. Blood pressure regulation and resting heart rate abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Dec;96(6):1519–25.