Epidemiology

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Aviña-Zubieta JA, Choi HK, Sadatsafavi M, et al. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2008;59(12):1690-7. doi: 10.1002/art.24092.

England BR, Thiele GM, Anderson DR, et al. Increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms and implications. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)2018;361:k1036. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k1036.

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Agca R, Heslinga SC. EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015/2016 update. Annals of rheumatic diseases 2017;76(1):17-28. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209775.

Targońska-Stępniak B, Biskup M, Biskup W, et al. Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Low Disease Activity. BioMed research international. 2019;2019:3265847. doi: 10.1155/2019/3265847.

Nowak B, Madej M, Łuczak A, et al. Disease Activity, Oxidized-LDL Fraction and Anti-Oxidized LDL Antibodies Influence Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University. 2016;25(1):43-50. doi: 10.17219/acem/29847.

Fransen J, Kazemi-Bajestani SM, Bredie SJ, et al. Rheumatoid Arthritis Disadvantages Younger Patients for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis. PloS one. 2016;11(6):e0157360. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157360.

Izmirly PM, Parton H, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United States: Estimates From a Meta-Analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupus Registries. Arthritis & rheumatology 2021;73(6):991-6. doi: 10.1002/art.41632.

Garg S, Bartels CM. Timing and Predictors of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Risk Occurs Early and Highlights Racial Disparities.

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Bedeković D, Bošnjak I. Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Development of Atherosclerosis: A Review. Medicina. 2023;59(9). doi: 10.3390/medicina59091550.

Ausserwinkler M, Neumann HJ, Wernly B. Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular risk: keep it simple and compassionate. Rheumatology international.2023;43(8):1557-8. doi: 10.1007/s00296-023-05333-2.

Buleu F, Sirbu E. Heart Involvement in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review. Medicina. 2019;55(6). doi: 10.3390/medicina55060249.

Liao KP. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Trends in cardiovascular medicine. 2017;27(2):136-40. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.07.006.

Schoenfeld SR, Kasturi S, Costenbader KH. The epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with SLE: a systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism. 2013;43(1):77-95. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.12.002.

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Semalulu T, Tago A, Zhao K. Managing Cardiovascular Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Considerations for the Clinician. ImmunoTargets and therapy. 2023;12:175-86. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S377076.