Arachnida, Ixodida
Özet
Keneler memeli, kuşlar ve sürüngenleri kapsayan geniş konak spektrumuna sahip, zorunlu kan emici arthropodlar olup, özellikle tropik ve subtropik iklim kuşaklarında sıklıkla gözlenmektedirler. Kene türleri direkt etkileri yanında, pek çok enfeksiyon etkenine vektörlük yapmaları nedeniyle Veteriner Hekimlik ve insan sağlığı açısından önem taşımaktadır. Vektörlerle bulaşan zoonotik karakterdeki patojenler ekosistemin bir parçasıdır ve keneler de bu zoonotik enfeksiyonların naklinde rol oynayan en önemli vektörlerdendir. Günümüzde Dünya’da 1000’den fazla kene türünün varlığı kabul edilmektedir ve bu türlerin yaklaşık %10'u 200 kadar hastalığın bulaştırılması ile ilişkilidir. Türkiye’de ise şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalarda iki aileye bağlı toplam 57 kene türü bulunmuştur. Bunların içinde Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis parva, H. punctata, H. sulcata, H. concinna, Hyalomma aegyptium, H. anatolicum, H. excavatum, H. marginatum, H. scupense (=H. detritum), H. dromedarii, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, R. sanguineus, R. turanicus, Argas persicus, A. reflexus gibi veteriner hekimliği ilgilendiren Ixodidae ve Argasidae ailesine mensup türler, ülkemizin pek çok bölgesinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan türlerdir. Keneler, Dünya'da insanlara ve hayvanlara bir dizi protozoa, bakteriyel, helmint, riketsiya ve viral patojen bulaştırır. Dünya’da kene ve kenelerin taşıdığı hastalıkların yol açtığı kaybın, 13,9 ila 18,7 milyar dolar civarında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Ayrıca, keneler ve korunma yolları ile ilişkili olarak pek çok çalışma yürütülmektedir.
Ticks are obligate blood-sucking arthropods with a wide host spectrum, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. These organisms are frequently observed, especially in tropical and subtropical climatic zones.In addition to their direct effects, ticks are important for veterinary medicine and human health because they are vectors of many infectious agents. Vector-borne zoonotic pathogens are part of the ecosystem, and ticks are one of the most important vectors involved in the transmission of these zoonotic infections. The global diversity of tick species is estimated to exceed 1,000, with approximately 10% of these species being linked to the transmission of over 200 diseases.In Turkey, the presence of 57 tick species belonging to two families has been documented. These include Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis parva, H. punctata, H. sulcata, H. concinna, Hyalomma aegyptium, H. anatolicum, H. excavatum, H. marginatum, H. scupense (=H. detritum), H. dromedarii, and others. These ticks belong to the Ixodidae and Argasidae families, which are of veterinary medicine significance. Ticks transmit a number of protozoan, bacterial, helminth, rickettsial, and viral pathogens to humans and animals in World. The global economic impact of tick-borne diseases is estimated to be between 13.9 and 18.7 billion dollars. Numerous studies are underway to investigate the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases and the efficacy of prevention methods.
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