Periodontal Hastalıklar ile Romatoid Artrit Arasındaki İlişki
Özet
Periodontal sağlık, gingivitis, periodontitis ve diğer periodontal durumların bulunmadığı sağlıklı durumu ifade eder. Periodontitis, bakterilerin neden olduğu gingival enflamasyon sonucunda alveoler kemiğin ve dişleri destekleyen bağ dokusunun tahrip olduğu kronik bir enflamatuvar süreçtir. Romatoid artrit (RA) ise, birçok doku ve organı etkileyebilen, ancak öncelikle sinovyal eklemleri tutan kronik, sistemik, immün aracılı enflamatuvar bir hastalıktır.
RA ve periodontitis, olası çift yönlü bir ilişkiye sahip kronik enflamatuvar hastalıklardır. Her iki hastalığın etiyolojisi multifaktöriyeldir ve genetik ile çevresel bileşenleri içermektedir. Romatoid artrit ve periodontal hastalık arasında birçok ortak risk faktörü ve iki hastalığı birbirine bağlayan moleküler mekanizmalar bulunmaktadır. Periodontal hastalıklarda rol alan başta Porphyromonas gingivalis olmak üzere bazı periodontopatojenlerin enzim ve molekülleri sayesinde romatoid artrit bulguları belirginleşmektedir. Bu iki hastalık arasındaki ilişki uzun süredir araştırılmış olup, periodontitisin RA hastalarında daha yaygın ve daha şiddetli olduğu bildirilmektedir.
Periodontal health is the disease-free condition of the gingiva and surrounding tissues of the teeth, where there are no signs of inflammation. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process in which the alveolar bone and the connective tissue supporting the teeth are destroyed as a result of gingival inflammation caused by bacteria. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that can affect many tissues and organs, but primarily affects synovial joints.
RA and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a possible bidirectional relationship. The etiology of both diseases is multifactorial and includes genetic and environmental components. There are many common risk factors and molecular mechanisms that link rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. The findings of rheumatoid arthritis become apparent thanks to the enzymes and molecules of some periodontopathogens, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, which play a role in periodontal diseases. The relationship between these two diseases has been investigated for a long time, and it is reported that periodontitis is more common and more severe in RA patients.
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