Visseral Leishmaniasis
Özet
VL, enfekte tatarcık sineklerinin ısırığı ile bulaşan, tedavi edilmediği takdirde hayati tehlike oluşturabilen parazitik bir hastalıktır. Bu enfeksiyon, dünya çapında geniş coğrafi dağılıma sahiptir. Enfekte hastalarda aralıklı veya sürekli ateş, kilo kaybı ve masif splenomegali gözlenir. Hipoalbüminemi, pansitopeni, akut faz reaktanlarında artış ve karaciğer enzim testlerinde anormallikler saptanabilir. Ayırıcı tanıda kronik ateş ve splenomegaliye yol açan hastalıklar düşünülmelidir. Kesin tanı için, dokuda smear veya kültür yoluyla parazitin gösterilmesi gereklidir. Tedavide lipozomal amfoterisin B önerilir. Hastalığın klinik bulgularının bilinmesi, özellikle endemik bölgelerde vakanın erken saptanması açısından hayat kurtarıcıdır.
Referanslar
Steverding D. The history of leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors; 2017;10(1):82. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2028-5
Ephros M, Aronson NE. Leishmania Species (Leishmaniasis). Long, Sarah S, Charles G. Prober and Marc Fischer. Principles And Practice Of PediatricInfectious Diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. p.6946-6976.
Aronson N, Herwaldt BL, Libman M, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clinical Infectious Diseases; 2016;63(12):1539-1557. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw742
Van Griensven J, Diro E. Visceral Leishmaniasis: Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Treatment Regimens. Infectious disease clinics of North America;2019;33(1):79-99. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.005
Kimberlin DW. Leishmaniasis. Red Book: 2021-2024. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 32nd ed. Itasca: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021.p.468-472.
Facts about leismaniasis. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/leishmaniasis/facts adresinden 15.10.2023 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır).
Thakur L, Singh KK, Shanker V, et al. Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. PloS neglected tropical diseases; 2018;12(9):e0006659. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659
Van Griensven J, Diro E. Visceral leishmaniasis. Infectious disease clinics of North America; 2012; 26(2):309–322. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.005
Yılmaz Çelebi M, Bayram N. Visseral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Tezer H, editör. Çocuklarda Zoonotik Hastalıklar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2022. p.63-69.
Demir S. Leishmania’nın Konak İçerisindeki Sağkalım Stratejileri. Turkiye Parazitololoji Dergisi; 2019;43:83-88.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Parasites-Leishmaniasis.(https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmaniasis/index.html adresinden 30.09.2023 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır).
Elmahallawy EK, Alkhaldi AAM, Saleh AA. Host immune response against leishmaniasis and parasite persistence strategies: A review and assessment of recent research. Biomed Pharmacotherapy; 2021;139:111671. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111671
Scarpini S, Dondi A, Totaro C, et al. Visceral Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Regimens in Different Geographical Areas with a Focus on Pediatrics. Microorganisms; 2022;10(10):1887. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10101887
Singh OP, Hasker E, Sacks D, Boelaert M, Sundar S. Asymptomatic Leishmania infection: a new challenge for Leishmania control. Clinical infectious diseases; 2014;58(10):1424-1429. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu102
Costa CHN, Chang K-P, Costa DL, Cunha FVM. From Infection to Death: An Overview of the Pathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pathogens; 2023; 12(7):969. doi:10.3390/pathogens12070969
Rosado FG, Griffin G, Shenoi S, Hughes GC. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: An update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Best practice research clinical rheumatology; 2020;34(4):101515. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2020.101515
Daher EF, Lima LL, Vieira AP, et al. Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Children With Visceral Leishmaniasis. The Pediatric infectious disease journal; 2015;34(12):1311-1314. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000916
Endris M, Takele Y, Woldeyohannes D, et al. Bacterial sepsis in patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Northwest Ethiopia.BioMed research international; 2014;2014:361058. doi:10.1155/2014/361058
El Hajj R, El Hajj H, Khalifeh I. Fatal Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum, Lebanon. Emerging infectious diseases;2018;24(5):906-907. doi:10.3201/eid2405.180019
Salih OAMM, Nail AM, Modawe GA, et al. Risk Factors of Inpatients Mortality of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Khartoum State, Sudan. Journal of global infectious diseases; 2020;12(3):135-140. doi:10.4103/jgid.jgid_25_20
Goyal V, Das VNR, Singh SN, et al. Long-term incidence of relapse and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis after three different visceral leishmaniasis treatment regimens in Bihar, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases; 2020;14(7):e0008429. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008429
