Osteomiyelit
Özet
Osteomiyelit kemiğin inflamasyonudur ve altta yatan sebep çoğunlukla bir enfeksiyondur. Etken olarak en sık bakteriler, daha az sıklıkla da mantarlar etken olarak karşımıza çıkar. Çocuklarda osteomiyelit esas olarak hematojen kaynaklıdır, daha az olarak travma, cerrahi işlem ve enfekte olan komşu yumuşak dokudan yayılım sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ostemyelit en sık yaşamın ilk yirmi yılında görülür ve bu vakaların yaklaşık yarısı 5 yaş altı çocuklardır. Osteomiyelitte en sık izole edilen etyolojik ajan tüm yaş gruplarında gram pozitif bir bakteri olan S. aureus’tur. Hastanın öyküsü, kliniği, fizik muayene bulguları, laboratuvar ve radyografik bulgularıyla tanı konulur. Tedavi, genellikle sadece antibiyotik tedavisinden, bazı durumlarda nekrotik kemiğin cerrahi debridmanı ve ilişkili yumuşak doku apselerinin drenajından oluşur. Çocuklarda kalıcı sakatlıklara yol açma riski yüksek olduğu için erken tanınması ve tedavinin erken başlanması önemlidir.
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