Akut Bronşiolit
Özet
Bronşiolit, sıklıkla viral alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonunun neden olduğu bebeklerde sık görülen bir hastalıktır ve en yaygın nedeni RSV’dir. Küçük hava yollarını kaplayan epitelyal hücrelerin akut inflamasyonu, ödemi, nekrozu ve artan mukus üretimi ile karakterizedir. Bronşiolitin ayırıcı tanısında hem enfeksiyöz hem de enfeksiyöz olmayan ajanların dikkate alınması gerekir. Hastalığın klinik tanısı ve ciddiyeti, klinisyenin karakteristik bulgular kümesine ilişkin yorumuna dayanır. Akut bronşiolitli çocuklar, hafif solunum sıkıntısından, yeni başlayan solunum yetmezliğine kadar geniş bir yelpazede klinik semptomlarla başvurabilir. Bu nedenle, dikkatli bir fizik muayene ile birlikte klinik geçmişin çok iyi değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Akut bronşiolit tedavisinde inhale bronkodilatörler, nebülize adrenalin, steroidler (sistemik veya nebülize) ve antibiyotikler önerilmemekle birlikte spesifik bir etiyolojik tedavi mevcut olmadığından bronşiolit tedavisi, pulmoner ve sistemik semptomları kontrol altına almak için genel olarak destekleyici yönetimi içerir.
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