Coxiella Enfeksiyonları
Özet
Coxiella burnetii insanlarda Q ateşi veya Q humması, hayvanlarda ise coxiellosis olarak tanımlanan enfeksiyona sebep olan zoonotik bir patojendir. Etken geniş bir konak yelpazesine sahiptir. Özellikle koyun, keçi, inek gibi evcilleştirilmiş geviş getiren hayvanlarda reprodüktif sistemi etkileyerek ekonomik kayıplara sebep olmaktadır. Coxiella burnetii hayvan dışkı, idrar ya da doğum yapmış hayvanlara ait doğum ürünleriyle saçılmaktadır. İnsanlara da bu enfekte materyallerden oluşan aerosollerin solunması yoluyla ayrıca etkenle kontamine süt ve süt ürünlerinin tüketilmesi yoluyla bulaşmaktadır. Q ateşi insanlarda asemptomatik formdan, özellikle predizpozisyonu olan bireylerde, yaşamı tehdit eden düzeye kadar geniş bir yelpazede seyir izleyebilmektedir. Q ateşinin epidemiyolojisinin anlaşılmasında ve koruma ve kontrol tedbirlerinin oluşturulmasında çeşitli sebeplerle birçok zorluk bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple hastalığın kontrolü ve yönetimi; insan, hayvan ve çevre sağlığını kapsayan ve çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım olan Tek Sağlık konsepti gibi bütüncül bir yaklaşımı gerektirmektedir.
Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes the infection known as Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. The bacteria has a wide range of hosts. It causes economic losses by affecting the reproductive system, especially in domesticated ruminant animals such as sheep, goat and cow. Coxiella burnetii is shed through animal feces, urine or birth products of animals that have given birth. It is transmitted to humans through inhalation of aerosols formed from these infected materials and through consumption of milk and dairy products contaminated with Coxiella burnetii. Q fever can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, especially in predisposed individuals. There are many difficulties in understanding the epidemiology of Q fever and in establishing prevention and control measures for various reasons. For this reason, control and management of the disease require a holistic approach such as the One Health concept, which is a multidisciplinary approach that includes human, animal and environmental health.
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