Mezbaha Yan Ürünleri

Özet

Et endüstrisi, birincil et üretiminin yanı sıra değerli yan ürünler üretireterek küresel gıda sürdürülebilirliğine katkıda sağlayabilmektedir. Sakatatlar gibi besin açısından zengin yenilebilir yan ürünler birçok geleneksel mutfağın ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Kemik, deri, kan ve tüy gibi gıda dışı yan ürünler ise gıda, biyomedikal, tarım ve biyoenerji gibi çeşitli endüstrileri destekleyen hammaddelere dönüştürülebilmektedir. Biyoteknoloji ve küresel ticaretteki gelişmeler, yan ürün kullanımını artırarak gelir akışları yaratmaktadır. Ekonomik katkılar yanısıra et ürünleri endüstrisi tarafından açığa çıkarılan ekolojik ayak izleri azaltmada önemli roller oynamaktadır. Yan ürünlerin işlenmesi, güvenlik ve kaliteyi sağlamak için katı standartlar gerektirirken, hayvansal yağlardan biyodizel gibi yenilenebilir enerji uygulamaları, sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu uygulamalardaki rollerini vurgulamaktadır.

Referanslar

OECD/FAO (2023), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/08801ab7-en.

Beyaz Et Sanayicileri ve Damızlıkçıları Birliği (BESDF-BİR) (2024). Türkiye Kanatlı Eti İhracatı (Ton). https://besd-bir.org/assets/uploaded/Tr-kanatli-eti-ihracati3.pdf

Ockerman, H.W., Basu, L., 2014. By-products. In: Devine, C., Dikeman, M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences, second ed. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 104–112.

Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK). Hayvansal Gıdalar için Özel Hijyen Kuralları Yönetmeliği. (2011) Resmi Gazete 27.12.2011-28155, 2011.

Battimelli, A., Carrère, H., & Delgenès, J. P. (2009). Saponification of fatty slaughterhouse wastes for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability. Bioresource technology, 100(15), 3695-3700.

Latoch, A., Stasiak, D. M., & Siczek, P. (2024). Edible Offal as a Valuable Source of Nutrients in the Diet—A Review. Nutrients, 16(11), 1609.

Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE) Yenilebilir Sakatat - Soğutma, Dondurma Muhafaza, Taşıma ve Çözdürme Kuralları. TS 9267 (ICS 67.120.10). Şubat 2015

8. Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Organizasyonu (FAO). Animal Production And Health Paper 92. Manual on meat cold store operation and management. https://www.fao.org/4/t0098e/t0098e02.htm (Erişim Tarihi: Ocak, 2025)

United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). Air Emissions Factors and Quantification, AP 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I Chapter 9: Food and Agricultural Industries 9.5.3 Meat Rendering Plants (Erişim, Ocak 2025). https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch09/final/c9s05-3.pdf

Ibarz-Blanch, N., Alcaide-Hidalgo, J. M., Cortés-Espinar, A. J., Albi-Puig, J., Suárez, M., Mulero, M., ... & Bravo, F. I. (2023). Chicken slaughterhouse by-products: A source of protein hydrolysates to manage non-communicable diseases. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 104125.

Five, K. K., Fålun, I., Roland, G. J., Forshaug, D., Helgeland-Rossavik, M. K., Hals, R., ... & Rustad, T. (2024). Enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken viscera and bones: Rest raw material characterization and evaluation of industrially relevant process parameters on product yields. Process Biochemistry, 146, 68-80.

Dixon PF, Algoët M, Bayley A, Dodge M, Joiner C, Roberts E. (2012). Studies on the inactivation of selected viral and bacterial fish pathogens at high pH for waste disposal purposes. J Fish Dis, 35, 65–72.

Alvarez, C., Rendueles, M., & Diaz, M. (2012). The yield of peptides and amino acids following acid hydrolysis of haemoglobin from porcine blood. Animal Production Science, 52(5), 313-320.

Meegoda, J. N., Li, B., Patel, K., & Wang, L. B. (2018). A review of the processes, parameters, and optimization of anaerobic digestion. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(10), 2224.

Vandeviviere P, De Baere L, Verstraete W. (2002). Types of anaerobic digester for solid wastes. In: Mata-Alvarez J, ed. Biomethanization of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. London: IWA Publishing, 111–137.

Bailey KL, Lazarovits LG. (2003). Suppressing soil-borne diseases with residue management and organic amendments. Soil Till Res, 72, 169–180.

Franke-Whittle IH, Klammer SH, Insam H. (2005). Design and application of an oligonucleotide microarray for the investigation of compost microbial communities. J Microbiol Methods, 62, 37–56.

Franke-Whittle, I. H., & Insam, H. (2013). Treatment alternatives of slaughterhouse wastes, and their effect on the inactivation of different pathogens: A review. Critical reviews in microbiology, 39(2), 139-151.

Zamri, M. F. M. A., Bahru, R., Amin, R., Khan, M. U. A., Abd Razak, S. I., Hassan, S. A., ... & Nayan, N. H. M. (2021). Waste to health: A review of waste derived materials for tissue engineering. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125792.

Irshad, A., & Sharma, B. D. (2015). Abattoir by-product utilization for sustainable meat industry: A review. Journal of Animal Production Advances, 5(6), 681-696.

Benicewicz, B. C., & Hopper, P. K. (1990). Polymers for absorbable surgical sutures—Part I. Journal of bioactive and compatible polymers, 5(4), 453-472.

Silvipriya, K. S., Kumar, K. K., Bhat, A. R., Kumar, B. D., & John, A. (2015). Collagen: Animal sources and biomedical application. Journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 5(3), 123-127.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for , Lanolin. Retrieved January 20, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lanolin.

Shavandi, A., Silva, T. H., Bekhit, A. A., & Bekhit, A. E. D. A. (2017). Keratin: dissolution, extraction and biomedical application. Biomaterials science, 5(9), 1699-1735.

Krupa-Żuczek, K., Kowalski, Z., & Wzorek, Z. (2008). Manufacturing of phosphoric acid from hydroxyapatite, contained in the ashes of the incinerated meat-bone wastes. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 10(3), 13-20.

Inal, M. S., Avci, H., Hassan, S., Darcan, C., Shin, S. R., & Akpek, A. (2024). Advances in xenogeneic donor decellularized organs: A review on studies with sheep and porcine‐derived heart valves. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, 9(6), e10695

Rather, J. A., Akhter, N., Ashraf, Q. S., Mir, S. A., Makroo, H. A., Majid, D., ... & Dar, B. N. (2022). A comprehensive review on gelatin: Understanding impact of the sources, extraction methods, and modifications on potential packaging applications. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 34, 100945.

Stiborova, H., Kronusova, O., Kastanek, P., Brazdova, L., Lovecka, P., Jiru, M., ... & Demnerova, K. (2020). Waste products from the poultry industry: a source of high‐value dietary supplements. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 95(4), 985-992.

Limeneh, D. Y., Tesfaye, T., Ayele, M., Husien, N. M., Ferede, E., Haile, A., ... & Kong, F. (2022). A comprehensive review on utilization of slaughterhouse by-product: Current status and prospect. Sustainability, 14(11), 6469.

Selmane, D., Christophe, V., & Gholamreza, D. (2008). Extraction of proteins from slaughterhouse by-products: Influence of operating conditions on functional properties. Meat Science, 79(4), 640-647.

Ofori, J.A., Hsieh, Y.-H.P., 2011. Blood-derived products for human consumption. Revel. Sci. 1, 14–21

Toldrá, F., Basu, L., & Ockerman, H. W. (2023). Sustainability I: Edible by-products. In Lawrie's Meat Science (pp. 707-726). Woodhead Publishing.

Soydan, A. S., Karakan Günaydin, G., Ergezer, H., & Palamutcu, S. (2021). Moisture management and antimicrobial performance of collagen peptide enriched knitted fabrics. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 112(7), 1023-1036.

Banasaz, S., & Ferraro, V. (2024). Keratin from animal by-products: structure, characterization, extraction and application—a review. Polymers, 16(14), 1999.

Liu, C., Brown, E., Kronick, P., Kamath, Y. K., & Erhan, S. (2020). Leather and textile uses of fats and oils. Bailey’s Ind Oil Fat Prod.

Shaji, H., Chandran, V., & Mathew, L. (2021). Organic fertilizers as a route to controlled release of nutrients. In Controlled release fertilizers for sustainable agriculture (pp. 231-245). Academic Press.

European Commission, Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Opinion on The Safety of Ruminant Blood with Respect to TSE Risks. Scientific Steering Committee at Its Meeting Of 13-14 April 2000. https://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/ssc/out74_en.pdf. (Erişim: Ocak 2025).

Budiyono, B., Seno, J., & Sunarso, S. (2011). Study on slaughterhouse wastes potency and characteristic for biogas production. International Journal of Waste Resources (IJWR), 1(2).

Ware, A., & Power, N. (2016). Biogas from cattle slaughterhouse waste: Energy recovery towards an energy self-sufficient industry in Ireland. Renewable Energy, 97, 541-549.

Kesharvani, S., Katre, S., Banait, S. K., Dwivedi, G., & Kumar, A. (2024). Fueling the future: Sustainable biodiesel production strategies for a cleaner tomorrow. In Clean Energy (pp. 1-26). CRC Press.

Chowdhury, M. W., Nabi, M. N., Arefin, M. A., Rashid, F., Islam, M. T., Gudimetla, P., & Muyeen, S. M. (2022). Recycling slaughterhouse wastes into potential energy and hydrogen sources: An approach for the future sustainable energy. Bioresource Technology Reports, 19, 101133.

Sayfalar

387-404

Yayınlanan

11 Mart 2025

Lisans

Lisans