Onkolojik Hastalıkları Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Konsültasyon-Liyezon Psikiyatrisi
Özet
Son yıllarda onkolojik hastalığı olan çocuk ve ergenlerde hayatta kalma oranlarında çok büyük ilerleme kaydedilmiş ve kanser tedavisinin odağı hastalığın yalnızca fiziksel açıdan tedavisinin ötesine geçmiştir. Kanser tanı ve tedavisi sürecinde çocuklar genellikle iyi başa çıksa da çeşitli zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu noktada, çocuk ve ergen psikiyatristleri onkolojik hastalık sürecinde psikolojik açıdan ihtiyaçları değerlendirme, destek ve tedavi sağlama, hastalar ve tıbbi ekip arasındaki iletişimi artırma gibi konularda kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Onkolojik hastalığı olan çocuk ve ergenlerle çalışan psikiyatristlerin gelişimsel dönem ve beyin tümörü gibi kanser türlerine bağlı olarak değişen psikososyal etkilenme, tanı anından itibaren karşılaşılabilen sorunlar, tedavi sürecini etkileyebilen zorluklar, uzun vadeli olumsuz sonuçlar ve bunların yönetimi hakkında fikir sahibi olmaları gerekmektedir. Çocuklarla iletişim kurmanın en iyi yolunu bulmak, hastalıkları ve tedavileri boyunca onlara yardım edebilmek için en uygun yaklaşımı sergilemek önem taşımaktadır. Hastaların ve ebeveynlerinin yaşam kalitelerini iyileştirmek için psikososyal müdahalelerden rutin olarak yararlanılması önerilmektedir.
In recent years, there has been great progress in the survival rates of children and adolescents with oncological diseases, and the focus of cancer treatment has moved beyond the physical treatment of the disease. Although children generally cope well during the cancer diagnosis and treatment process,they encounter various difficulties. At this point, child and adolescent psychiatrists play a critical role in assessing psychological needs during the oncological disease process, providing support andtreatment, and increasing communication between patients and the medical team. Psychiatrists working with children and adolescents with oncological diseases need to have an idea about the psychosocial effects that vary depending on the developmental period and cancer types such as brain tumors, the problems that can be encountered from the moment of diagnosis, the difficulties that can affect the treatment process, the long-term negative consequences and their management. It is important to find the best way to communicate with children and to exhibit the most appropriate approach to help them throughout their illness and treatment. It is recommended that psychosocial interventions be routinely used to improve the quality of life of patients and their parents.
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