Endokrinolojik Hastalıkları Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Konsültasyon-Liyezon Psikiyatrisi-1
Özet
Çocukluk çağında görülen endokrinolojik hastalıklar, uzun süreli takip gerektiren tıbbi durumlar olup psikiyatrik ve nörobilişsel işlevleri etkileyebilirler. Endokrinolojik anormalliklerde akut ya da kronik davranış sorunları veya psikiyatrik bozukluklar eşlik edebilmektedir. Bu bölümde tiroid ve paratiroid hastalıkları, gonadal bozukluklar ve adrenal hastalıklarla ilişkili psikiyatrik durumlar ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozuklukların tanı ve tedavi süreçlerinde konsültasyonların yönetimi ele alınmaktadır. Tiroid hastalıkları çocuklarda bilişsel işlevlerde bozukluklar, anksiyete ve duygudurum değişiklikleri ile ilişkilidir. Örneğin hipotiroidizm çökkün duyguduruma neden olabilirken hipertiroidizm ile akademik performansta düşüş ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Paratiroid hastalıklar depresif bozukluklar, ajitasyon ve bilişsel gerilik ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Gonadal bozuklukların özellikle ergenlik döneminde psikososyal etkisinin olduğu göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Konjenital adrenal hiperplazi gibi yenidoğan döneminden itibaren takibin gerektiği adrenal hastalıklarda ebeveynlerin psikolojik destek ihtiyacı olabilir. Endokrinolojik hastalıklarda çocuk ve ergen psikiyatristleri, tanı ve tedavi süreçlerine multidispliner bir yaklaşımla katkıda bulunarak hastanın fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığının korunması ve yaşam kalitesinin artmasında kritik rol oynamaktadır.
Endocrinological diseases in childhood are medical conditions that require long-term follow-up and can affect psychiatric and neurocognitive functions. Acute or chronic behavioral problems or psychiatric disorders may accompany endocrinological abnormalities. This section discusses psychiatric conditions associated with thyroid and parathyroid diseases, gonadal disorders, and adrenal diseases, as well as the management of consultations in the diagnosis and treatment processes of accompanying psychiatric disorders. Thyroid diseases are associated with cognitive impairments, anxiety, and mood changes in children. For example, hypothyroidism can lead to depressed mood, while hyperthyroidism has been reported to be related to decreased academic performance. Parathyroid diseases have been linked to depressive disorders, agitation, and cognitive impairment. Gonadal disorders, particularly during adolescence, should be considered for their psychosocial effects. In cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which require monitoring from the neonatal period, parents may need psychological support. In endocrinological diseases, child and adolescent psychiatrists play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment process with a multidisciplinary approach, contributing to the protection of the patient’s physical and mental health and improving their quality of life.
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