Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Bedensel Belirti ve İlişkili Durumlarda Konsültasyon-Liyezon Psikiyatrisi
Özet
Çocuk ve ergenlerde sık görülen bedensel belirtiler, hem fiziksel hastalık hem de psikiyatrik bozukluklara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu belirtiler hem hastanın hem de ailenin hayatını oldukça etkilemekte, sık hastane başvurularına sebep olabilmektedir. Belirtilerin fiziksel olması nedeniyle bu hastalar çocuk ve ergen psikiyatristinden önce birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti veren hekimlere ve pediatristlere başvurmaktadır. Ayırıcı tanıda psikiyatrik bozuklukların da yer alması nedeniyle bu hastaların çocuk ve ergen psikiyatristlerine danışılmasına günlük pratikte sık rastlanmaktadır. Bedensel belirtiler ve ilişkili durumlar değerlendirilirken en uygun yaklaşım biyolojik, psikolojik, ailesel ve sosyal faktörlerin dikkate alındığı bir biyopsikososyal çerçeve kullanmaktır. Bu süreçte kapsamlı tıbbi incelemelerle psikiyatrik değerlendirmelerin eş zamanlı yapılıp multidisipliner bir yaklaşımın benimsenmesi çocuk ve ergenin bedensel belirtilerinin tedavisinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.
Physical symptoms commonly observed in children and adolescents can arise due to both physical illnesses and psychiatric disorders. These symptoms can significantly affect the lives of both the patient and the family and may lead to frequent hospital visits. Because the symptoms are physical in nature, these patients typically seek help from primary healthcare providers and pediatricians before consulting a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Due to the possibility of psychiatric disorders being part of the differential diagnosis, it is common in daily practice for these patients to be referred to child and adolescent psychiatrists. When evaluating somatic symptoms and associated conditions, the most appropriate approach is to use a biopsychosocial framework that considers biological, psychological, familial, and social factors. In this process, conducting comprehensive medical examinations alongside psychiatric evaluations and adopting a multidisciplinary approach plays an important role in the treatment of the child or adolescent’s physical symptoms. Keywords: Somatic symptoms, somatization, consultation-liaison.
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