Glokom
Özet
Glokom, göz içi basıncının (GİB) artmasıyla optik sinir ve retinada hasara yol açan nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Normal GİB’in korunması için humor aköz üretimi ve drenajı gereklidir. Veteriner hekimlikte glokom, primer, sekonder ve doğmasal olmak üzere sınıflandırılır. Primer glokom, altta yatan bir göz hastalığı olmadan gelişirken, sekonder glokom üveitis, lens luksasyonu veya intraoküler neoplazmalar gibi diğer göz hastalıklarıyla ilişkilidir. Tanıda tonometri, gonioskopi ve ultrasonografi veya optik koherens tomografi (OCT) gibi görüntüleme teknikleri kullanılır. Tedavi seçenekleri karbonik anhidraz inhibitörleri, beta-blokerler, adrenerjik agonistler ve prostaglandin analogları gibi medikal ajanlarla yönetilirken, cerrahi yaklaşımlar arasında siklofotokoagülasyon ve glokom drenaj implantları bulunmaktadır. Erken tanı, görmeyi korumak ve geri dönüşü olmayan hasarları önlemek için hayati önem taşır. Bu bölüm, kedi ve köpeklerde glokomun patofizyolojisi, sınıflandırılması, tanısı ve tedavisini detaylandırarak güncel medikal ve cerrahi yaklaşımları sunmaktadır.
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to optic nerve and retinal damage. Proper aqueous humor production and drainage are crucial for maintaining normal IOP. In veterinary medicine, glaucoma is classified as primary, secondary, or congenital. Primary glaucoma occurs without an underlying ocular disease, while secondary glaucoma results from other intraocular pathologies such as uveitis, lens luxation, or intraocular neoplasms. Diagnosis includes tonometry, gonioscopy, and ophthalmic imaging techniques like ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment strategies involve medical management with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-blockers, adrenergic agonists, and prostaglandin analogs, alongside surgical interventions like cyclophotocoagulation and glaucoma drainage implants. Despite therapeutic advancements, early diagnosis remains critical for preserving vision and preventing irreversible damage. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of glaucoma in cats and dogs, highlighting the latest medical and surgical approaches.
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