Optik Sinir Hastalıkları
Özet
Merkezi sinir sisteminin bir uzantısı olan optik sinirin temel fonksiyonu retinadan aldığı görme için gerekli sinyallerin beynin oksipital lobundaki merkeze iletilmesidir. Optik sinirin herhangi bir hastalık sebebiyle fonksiyonu bozulduğunda görme kaybı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Optik siniri etkileyen hastalıklar primer (konjenital) ya da sekonder (edinsel) olarak da gelişebilir. Tanıda tam bir oftalmik ve nöro-oftalmik muayeneleri takiben, kan testleri, elektroretinografi, ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme yöntemlerinden yararlanılır. Optik sinir aplazisi/hipoplazisi ve kolobomaları konjenital olarak ortaya çıkar. Edinsel hastalıklar arasında optik nevritis, papilledema, optik sinir atrofisi ve neoplaziler sayılabilir. Diğer kranial sinirlerin aksine periferik sinir yapısında olmaktan çok beynin beyaz cevherinin uzantısı olması nedeniyle, optik sinirin primer hastalıklarında sağaltım çoğunlukla zorlayıcıdır ve tam iyileşme sağlanamayabilir.
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