Göz Kapaklarının Hastalıkları
Özet
Küçük hayvan pratiğinde farklı ırk ve yaştaki köpek ile kedilerde göz kapaklarına ait hastalık ve bozukluklara belirli sıklıkta rastlanılmaktadır. Bu problemlerin gelişiminde anatomik yapısal farklılıklar gibi doğmasal-gelişimsel ya da kalıtsal nedenlerin yanı sıra travmatik ajanlar, yangısal bozukluklar, bakım koşulları gibi edinsel faktörler de rol oynayabilmektedir. Sık karşılaşılan göz kapağı problemleri arasında siliyer anormallikler (distiyazis, ektopik siliya ve trikiyazis), konformasyonel anormallikler (entropium, göz kapağı agenezisi vb.), travmalar (göz kapağı yırtıkları) ve neoplaziler (benign ya da malign) bulunur. Üçüncü göz kapağını ilgilendiren yaygın cerrahi sorunlar arasında; foliküler konjunktivitis, glandula membrana nictitans superficialis prolapsusu ve daha az yaygın olarak neoplaziler yer alır. Detaylı bir göz muayenesi konulan ayırıcı tanı sonrasında, hastaya gerekli medikal ve/veya operatif girişimlerin zamanında ve yeterli şekilde uygulanması zorunludur. Gerektiğinde uzman bir oftalmolog tarafından uygulamaların yapılması, tanı ve tedavide kısa sürede sonuç alınmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu problemleri ortadan kaldırmak için yapılan girişimlerde gözün korunması, ağrının azaltılması kadar, göz kapaklarının düzgün şekilde açılıp kapanabilmesi için anatomik rekonstrüksiyon da önem arz etmektedir. Bu bölümde, yaygın göz kapağı sorunlarının etiyolojisi, klinik bulguları, tanı, tedavide uygulanan medikal ve temel cerrahi tekniklerin detayları üzerinde durulmuştur.
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