İyot
Özet
İyot, diyetteki besin öğeleri ile veya iyot içeren takviyeler yoluyla elde edilen temel mikro besin maddesidir. Tiroid hormonlarının üretimi için gerekli olan iyot, büyüme, gelişme, metabolizma ve beyin fonksiyonları gibi birçok hayati süreçte rol oynar. İyot eksikliği ağır nörolojik bozukluk (nörolojik kretenizm), cücelik, psikomotor gerilik, ölü doğum, guatr, hipotiroidi, endemik nörobilişimsel bozukluk ve fiziksel gelişimde gecikmeye neden olabilir. Kırmızı et, balık, tavuk, ekmek ve süt ürünleri iyi iyot kaynakları olup başlıca bitkisel kaynak deniz yosunudur. Ülkemizde ve dünyada yeterli iyot alımını sağlamak için en sık kullanılan yöntem ev tuzuna iyot eklenmesidir. İyotlu tuzun alternatifleri iyotlu yağ, lugol solüsyonu, iyotlu su, iyot tabletleri ve iyot damlalarıdır. Çocukluk yaş grubunda iyot için önerilen günlük alım miktarları 90-150 mcg/gündür. İyot eksikliğinin önlenmesi için dengeli beslenilme, iyotlu tuz kullanımı teşvik edilmeli, iyot eksikliği taramaları yapılmalı ve riskli gruplarda iyot takviyesi yapılmalıdır.
Iodine is an essential micronutrient obtained through dietary intake or through iodine-containing supplements. Iodine, which is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, plays a role in many vital processes such as growth, development, metabolism and brain functions. Iodine deficiency can cause severe neurological disorder (neurological cretinism), dwarfism, psychomotor retardation, stillbirth, goiter, hypothyroidism, endemic neurocognitive disorder and delay in physical development. Red meat, fish, chicken, bread and dairy products are good sources of iodine, and the main plant source is seaweed. The most commonly used method to ensure adequate iodine intake in our country and around the world is adding iodine to household salt. Alternatives to iodized salt are iodized oil, lugol's solution, iodized water, iodine tablets and iodine drops. The recommended daily intake for iodine in the childhood age group is 90-150 mcg/day. To prevent iodine deficiency, a balanced diet, the use of iodized salt should be encouraged, iodine deficiency screening should be performed and iodine supplements should be given in risk groups.
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