Fosfor
Özet
Çocukluk çağında yeterli miktarda fosfor alımı, kemik ve diş gelişimi, enerji metabolizması ve hücresel işlevler için kritiktir. Fosfor, protein sentezi, DNA oluşumu ve asid-baz dengesi gibi temel biyolojik süreçlerde rol oynar. Dengesiz diyetler veya beslenme eksiklikleri, çocuklarda fosfor eksikliğine neden olabilir. Bu eksiklik, büyüme bozuklukları, kemik deformiteleri ve diğer sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilir. Çocuklar için yeterli fosfor içeren besinler, süt ürünleri, et, balık, yumurta ve tam tahıllı ürünlerdir. Aileler, çocuklarının sağlıklı gelişimi için dengeli bir beslenme planına dikkat etmelidirler.
Adequate phosphorus intake during childhood is critical for bone and dental development, energy metabolism, and cellular functions. Phosphorus plays a key role in essential biological processes such as protein synthesis, DNA formation, and acid-base balance. Imbalanced diets or nutritional deficiencies can lead to phosphorus deficiency in children. This deficiency may result in growth disorders, bone deformities, and other health issues. Foods rich in phosphorus for children include dairy products, meat, fish, eggs, and whole-grain products. Families should focus on maintaining a balanced diet to support their children's healthy development.
Referanslar
Beatty R. Phosphorus. Marshall Cavendish; 2000. ISBN 0-7614-0946-7.
Calvo MS, Lamberg-Allardt CJ. Phosphorus. Adv Nutr. 2015;6(6):860-2. doi: 10.3945/an.115.008516.
Bansal VK. Serum Inorganic Phosphorus. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (ed.) Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations içinde. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworth; 1990. Bölüm 198.
Er E, Gülcü Taşkın D. Gelişme geriliği nedeni ile başvuran çocuklarda insulin benzeri büyüme faktörü-1 ile kalsiyum, fosfor ve Vitamin D düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. EJM. 2023;62(3):467-72.
Escobedo-Monge MF, Bahillo-Curieses P, Parodi-Román et al. Calcium, Phosphate, and Vitamin D in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2024;16(9):1349. doi: 10.3390/nu16091349.
Romano AH, Conway T. Evolution of carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Res Microbiol. 1996;147(6-7):448-55. doi: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)83998-2.
Nolfi-Donegan D, Braganza A, Shiva S. Mitochondrial electron transport chain: Oxidative phosphorylation, oxidant production, and methods of measurement. Redox Biol. 2020;37:101674. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101674.
Jiménez J, Bru S, Ribeiro MP et al. Phosphate: from stardust to eukaryotic cell cycle control. Int Microbiol. 2016;19(3):133-141. doi: 10.2436/20.1501.01.271. PMID: 28494083.
Frere SG, Chang-Ileto B, Di Paolo G. Role of phosphoinositides at the neuronal synapse. Subcell Biochem. 2012;59:131-75. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-3015-1_5.
Foster BL, Tompkins KA, Rutherford RB et al. Phosphate: known and potential roles during development and regeneration of teeth and supporting structures. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2008 Dec;84(4):281-314. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.20136.
Mason JB, Booth SL. Vitamins, trace minerals, and other micronutrients. Goldman L, Schafer AI, (ed). Goldman-Cecil Medicine içinde. 26th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. Bölüm 205.
United States Departement of Agriculture, Abridged List Ordered by Nutrient Content in Household Measure, Nutrient: Phosphorus (30.12.2023 tarihinde https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/phosphorus.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.)
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, et al (ed). Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. (23.12.2023 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56070/ adresinden erişilmiştir.)
Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS. Approach to treatment of hypophosphatemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(4):655-61. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.03.024.
Megapanou E, Florentin M, Milionis H et al. Drug-Induced Hypophosphatemia: Current Insights. Drug Saf. 2020;43(3):197-210. doi: 10.1007/s40264-019-00888-1.
G. Liamis, H.J. Milionis, M. Elisaf, Medication-induced hypophosphatemia: a review, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 2010;103(7):449–59, doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq039.
Gaasbeek A, Meinders AE. Hypophosphatemia: an update on its etiology and treatment. Am J Med. 2005;118(10):1094-101. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.014.
Özer Y. Kalsiyum ve fosfor metabolizması bozukluklarının acil yönetimi. Ercan O, Tarçın G. ed. Çocuk Endokrinolojisinde Acil ve Perioperatif Yaklaşımlar içinde. İstanbul: İÜC Yayınevi, 2023; 23-34.
Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS. Approach to treatment of hypophosphatemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(4):655-61. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.03.024.
Harding JE, Wilson J, Brown J. Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2(2):CD003310. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003310.pub2.
Friedli N, Stanga Z, Culkin A et al. Management and prevention of refeeding syndrome in medical inpatients: An evidence-based and consensus-supported algorithm. Nutrition. 2018;47:13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.09.007.
Pavone V, Testa G, Gioitta et al. Hypophosphatemic rickets: etiology, clinical features and treatment. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2015 Feb;25(2):221-6. doi: 10.1007/s00590-014-1496-y.
Arora N, Jefferson J. Hyperphosphatemia. Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW, McQuaid KR. (ed). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment içinde. McGraw-Hill Education; 2023.
Leung J, Crook M. Disorders of phosphate metabolism. J Clin Pathol. 2019;72(11):741-747. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205130.
Monge M, Shahapuni I, Oprisiu R et al. Reappraisal of 2003 NKF-K/DOQI guidelines for management of hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2006;2(6):326-36. doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0189.
