Potasyum
Özet
Potasyum, çeşitli biyolojik işlevleri yerine getirerek insan vücudundaki birçok süreci etkileyen önemli bir elektrolittir. Somatik büyümenin sağlanması için çocuklarda pozitif potasyum dengesinin sürdürülmesi gereklidir. Potasyum dengesi böbrekler tarafından sağlanır ve alınan potasyumun büyük kısmı idrarla atılır. Meyve ve sebzeler (pirinç, patates, muz, baklagiller ve tam tahıllar), süt ürünleri ve hayvansal proteinler mükemmel potasyum kaynaklarıdır. Diyetle potasyum alımı ile kan basıncı arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğuna dair güçlü kanıtlar vardır. Potasyum, kalp-damar hastalıkları ve felce karşı korunmada ve böbrek, kemik ve diğer doku sağlığının iyileştirilmesinde önemli rol oynar. Bu bölümde potasyumun vücuttaki rolü ve potasyumun düzenlenmesi ele alınacaktır. Diyetteki potasyum ile sağlık arasındaki ilişkiye dair kanıtlara yer verilecektir. Son olarak hipokalemi ve hiperkalemiye yaklaşımlar tartışılacaktır. Diskalemili hastaya sistematik ve tanısal bir yaklaşım kullanılması, klinisyenin potasyum bozukluğunun altında yatan nedeni belirlemesi ve acil tedaviye karar vermesi açısından oldukça önemlidir.
Potassium is an essential electrolyte that influences many processes in the human body by performing various biological functions. To provide somatic growth, children maintain a positive potassium balance. Potassium balance is maintained by the kidney and the majority of ingested potassium is excreted in the urine. There is strong evidence of a negative association between dietary potassium intake and blood pressure. Fruits and vegetables (including rice, potatoes, bananas, legumes and wholegrains), dairy products and animal proteins are excellent sources of potassium. The potassium play important roles in protecting against cardiovascular disease and stroke and in improving kidney, bone and other tissues health. In this chapter, the role of potassium in the body and the regulation of potassium will be discussed. It will describe the evidence regarding the relationship between dietary potassium and health. Finally, it will be discussed approaches to hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Using a systematic and diagnostic approach to the patient with dyskalemia is very important for the clinician to determine the underlying cause of the potassium disorder and decide on prompt treatment.
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