Sodyum
Özet
Bu bölümde, vücudun temel elektrolitlerinden biri olan sodyumun fizyolojik işlevleri, metabolizması, besin kaynakları, eksiklik ve fazlalık durumları ile klinik etkileri ele alınmaktadır. Sodyum, hücresel homeostazın, sıvı-elektrolit dengesinin ve sinir-kas fonksiyonlarının düzenlenmesinde kritik rol oynar. Diyetle alınan sodyum, günlük ihtiyacın büyük bir kısmını karşılamakta olup, özellikle işlenmiş gıdalarda yüksek oranda bulunmaktadır. Sodyum dengesinin bozulması, hiponatremi ve hipernatremi gibi önemli klinik durumlara yol açabilir ve bu durumlar nörolojik, kardiyovasküler ve böbrek fonksiyonlarını etkileyebilir. Bölümde, sodyumun günlük alım önerileri, eksiklik ve fazlalığının neden olduğu klinik tablolar, tedavi yaklaşımları ve özel hasta gruplarındaki önemi detaylı bir şekilde incelenmektedir.
This chapter discusses the physiological functions, metabolism, dietary sources, deficiency and excess conditions, and clinical implications of sodium, one of the body's essential electrolytes. Sodium plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis, fluid-electrolyte balance, and neuromuscular functions. Dietary sodium intake largely meets daily requirements, with processed foods being a major source. Disruptions in sodium balance can lead to hyponatremia and hypernatremia, which significantly affect neurological, cardiovascular, and renal functions. The chapter explores daily sodium intake recommendations, the clinical manifestations of deficiency and excess, treatment approaches, and its importance in specific patient populations.
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