Vitamin D
Özet
D vitamini (kalsiferol) tüm insanlar ve hayvanlar tarafından üretilen, yağda çözünen bir sekosteroid hormondur. D vitaminin en önemli kaynağı, güneş ışığından UV-B'ye (280-315 nm) maruz kalma sonucu oluşan kutanöz sentezdir ve gereksinimin %90’ı buradan karşılanır. D vitamininin en önemli görevi kemik sağlığını sürdürmektir. Eksikliği yetersiz mineralizasyona bağlı rikets ve/veya osteomalazi ile sonuçlanabilir. Direk grafide osteopeni ve raşitik bulgular görülür. Bununla birlikte D vitamini eksikliği karşımıza nöbet ve tetani gibi akut bulgular ile gelebilir. Beslenme şeklinden bağımsız olarak riketsi önlemek için doğumdan bir yaşına kadar 400 IU/gün vitamin D3 verilmesi önerilir. Tedavide ise D vitamini ile birlikte rutin Ca tedavisi başlanması ve tedavinin en az üç ay devam ettirilmesi önerilmektedir. D vitamini toksisitesi ise en sık D vitaminin yanlış kullanımına bağlı gelişir.
Vitamin D (calciferol) is a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone produced by all humans and animals. The primary source of vitamin D is cutaneous synthesis, which occurs upon exposure to UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) from sunlight, accounting for approximately 90% of the body’s requirement. The most crucial function of vitamin D is maintaining bone health. Its deficiency can lead to rickets and/or osteomalacia due to impaired mineralization. Osteopenia and rachitic findings can be observed in direct radiographs. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency may present with acute symptoms such as seizures and tetany. Regardless of dietary intake, 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation is recommended from birth to one year of age to prevent rickets. In treatment, routine calcium therapy should be initiated alongside vitamin D, and the treatment should continue for at least three months. Vitamin D toxicity most commonly results from improper supplementation.
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