Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Özet
Riboflavin, suda çözünen bir vitamindir. Işığa maruz kaldığında bozulur ve ısıya dayanıklıdır. Emilim ince bağırsaktadır. Riboflavin düzeyi genellikle eritrosit glutatyon redüktaz aktivitesinin veya idrar flavin seviyesinin ölçülmesiyle değerlendirilir. Riboflavin, FMN ve FAD’ın öncüsüdür ve çok sayıda redoks reaksiyonunda kofaktördür. Besinsel riboflavin kaynakları arasında et, kümes hayvanları, balık, yumurta, karaciğer, dalak, süt ve süt ürünleri gibi hayvansal kaynakların yanı sıra brokoli, karalahana ve şalgam gibi yeşil sebzeler ve bira mayası yer alır. Riboflavin eksikliğinin en önemli nedeni diyet ile alım yetersizliğidir. Eksikliğinde boğaz ağrısı, angular stomatit, glossit, şelozis, seboreik dermatit, anemi, nöropati, keratit, fotofobi, konjuktivit, korneada vaskülarizasyon gibi bulgular görülür. Riboflavin eksikliğinde semptomlar düzelene kadar oral yoldan 3-10 mg/gün kullanılmalıdır. Riboflavin kullanımını gerektiren metabolik ve genetik hastalıklarda ise tedavisinde oral yoldan yüksek doz (100 mg/gün) kullanılır. Yüksek dozda riboflavin alımından sonra herhangi bir yan etki bildirilmemiştir.
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin. It degrades upon exposure to light but is resistant to heat. Absorption occurs in the small intestine. Riboflavin levels are generally assessed by measuring erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity or urinary flavin levels. Riboflavin is a precursor of FMN and FAD and acts as a cofactor in numerous redox reactions. Dietary sources of riboflavin include animal-based foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, liver, spleen, milk, and dairy products, as well as plant-based sources such as broccoli, kale, turnip greens, and brewer’s yeast. The primary cause of riboflavin deficiency is inadequate dietary intake. Deficiency symptoms include sore throat, angular stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, seborrheic dermatitis, anemia, neuropathy, keratitis, photophobia, conjunctivitis, and corneal vascularization. In cases of deficiency, oral supplementation of 3-10 mg/day should be administered until symptoms resolve. In metabolic and genetic disorders requiring riboflavin therapy, high-dose oral supplementation (100 mg/day) is used. No adverse effects have been reported following high-dose riboflavin intake.
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