Akut Kas Güçsüzlüğü İle Gelen Çocuk Hastaya Yaklaşım
Özet
Referanslar
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Williams M. Manual muscle testing, development and current use. Phys Ther Rev. 1956;36(12):797–805.
Wintz MM. Variations in current manual muscle testing. Phys Ther Rev. 1959;39(7):466–75.
Genc B, Gozutok O, Ozdinler PH. Complexity of Generating Mouse Models to Study the Upper Motor Neurons: Let Us Shift Focus from Mice to Neurons. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(16):3848.
Zayia LC, Tadi P. Neuroanatomy, motor neuron. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554616/
Diaz E, Morales H. Spinal Cord Anatomy and Clinical Syndromes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2016;37(5):360–71.
Emos MC, Agarwal S. Neuroanatomy, Upper Motor Neuron Lesion. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Emos MC, Rosner J. Neuroanatomy, Upper Motor Nerve Signs. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Stifani N. Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:293.
de Carvalho M, Swash M. Lower motor neuron dysfunction in ALS. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(7):2670–81.
Héroux ME. Tap, tap, who's there? It's localized muscle activity elicited by the human stretch reflex. J Physiol. 2017;595(14):4575.
Mayer NH, Esquenazi A. Muscle overactivity and movement dysfunction in the upper motoneuron syndrome. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003;14(4):855–83.
Rhee PC. Surgical Management of Upper Extremity Deformities in Patients With Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2019;44(3):223–35.
Askarova AE, Zhurkabayeva BD. Hemorrhagic stroke in children. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2024;16.
Khalaf A, Iv M, Fullerton H, Wintermark M. Pediatric Stroke Imaging. Pediatr Neurol. 2018;86:5–18.
Klučka J, Klabusayová E, Musilová T, et al. Pediatric Patient with Ischemic Stroke: Initial Approach and Early Management. Children (Basel). 2021;8(8):649.
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deVeber GA, Kirton A, Booth FA, et al. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children: The Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry. Pediatr Neurol. 2017;69:58–70.
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Referanslar
Naqvi U, Sherman AL. Muscle strength grading. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Aug 28 [cited 2023 Oct 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436008/
Williams M. Manual muscle testing, development and current use. Phys Ther Rev. 1956;36(12):797–805.
Wintz MM. Variations in current manual muscle testing. Phys Ther Rev. 1959;39(7):466–75.
Genc B, Gozutok O, Ozdinler PH. Complexity of Generating Mouse Models to Study the Upper Motor Neurons: Let Us Shift Focus from Mice to Neurons. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(16):3848.
Zayia LC, Tadi P. Neuroanatomy, motor neuron. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554616/
Diaz E, Morales H. Spinal Cord Anatomy and Clinical Syndromes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2016;37(5):360–71.
Emos MC, Agarwal S. Neuroanatomy, Upper Motor Neuron Lesion. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Emos MC, Rosner J. Neuroanatomy, Upper Motor Nerve Signs. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Stifani N. Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:293.
de Carvalho M, Swash M. Lower motor neuron dysfunction in ALS. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(7):2670–81.
Héroux ME. Tap, tap, who's there? It's localized muscle activity elicited by the human stretch reflex. J Physiol. 2017;595(14):4575.
Mayer NH, Esquenazi A. Muscle overactivity and movement dysfunction in the upper motoneuron syndrome. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003;14(4):855–83.
Rhee PC. Surgical Management of Upper Extremity Deformities in Patients With Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2019;44(3):223–35.
Askarova AE, Zhurkabayeva BD. Hemorrhagic stroke in children. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2024;16.
Khalaf A, Iv M, Fullerton H, Wintermark M. Pediatric Stroke Imaging. Pediatr Neurol. 2018;86:5–18.
Klučka J, Klabusayová E, Musilová T, et al. Pediatric Patient with Ischemic Stroke: Initial Approach and Early Management. Children (Basel). 2021;8(8):649.
Ferriero DM, Fullerton HJ, Bernard TJ, et al. Management of Stroke in Neonates and Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50(3):e51–e96.
Jeong G, Lim BC, Chae JH. Pediatric Stroke. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015;57(6):396–400.
Andrade A, Yau I, Moharir M. Current concepts in pediatric stroke. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82(2):179–88.
deVeber GA, Kirton A, Booth FA, et al. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children: The Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry. Pediatr Neurol. 2017;69:58–70.
Elbers J, Wainwright MS, Amlie-Lefond C. The Pediatric Stroke Code: Early Management of the Child with Stroke. J Pediatr. 2015;167(1):19–24.e4.
Lehman LL, Khoury JC, Taylor JM, et al. Pediatric Stroke Rates Over 17 Years: Report From a Population-Based Study. J Child Neurol. 2018;33(7):463–7.
Ichord RN, Bastian R, Abraham L, et al. Interrater reliability of the Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS) in a multicenter study. Stroke. 2011;42(3):613–7.
Sträter R, Kurnik K, Heller C, Schobess R, Luigs P, Nowak-Göttl U. Aspirin versus low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin: antithrombotic therapy in pediatric ischemic stroke patients: a prospective follow-up study. Stroke. 2001;32(11):2554–8.
Fullerton HJ, Wu YW, Sidney S, Johnston SC. Risk of recurrent childhood arterial ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort: the importance of cerebrovascular imaging. Pediatrics. 2007;119(3):495–501.
Fullerton HJ, Wintermark M, Hills NK, et al. Risk of Recurrent Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Childhood: A Prospective International Study. Stroke. 2016;47(1):53–9.
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