Aşılar ve Serumlar Aktif ve Pasif Bağışıklık
Özet
Virüs, bakteri ve parazit gibi hastalandırıcı özelliği olan patojenlerin, hastalık yapma özellikleri ya da varsa salgıladığı toksinlerin etkileri ortadan kaldırılarak geliştirilen aşılar sayesinde bulaşıcı hastalıklara karşı bağışıklık sağlanır. Bağışıklama ile hedeflenen, enfeksiyonun gelişmesinin tamamen önlenmesi, bulaştırıcılığı önleme bazen de ancak ağır ve ölümcül hastalığın gelişmesini önlemektir. Bağışıklama, aşıyla önlenebilir hastalıkların ve ölümlerin önlenmesi açısından en başarılı halk sağlığı müdahalesidir. Aşılar yoluyla indüklenen antijenlerin bireye iletilmesi ile sağlanan bağışıklık aktif bağışıklık yoluyla, bireye antikorların uygulanması ile edilen bağışıklık ise pasif bağışıklık yoluyla elde edilir. Bu bölümde aşılar ve serumların kullanımı ile ilgili ayrıntılı bilgi sunulmuştur.
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