Tıbbi Önemi Olan Eklembacaklılar
Özet
Bit, pire, tahtakurusu, sivrisinek, tatarcık, uyuz akarı, Demodex ve kene gibi ektoparazitler hem hastalık vektörü hem de doğrudan morbidite nedeni olarak insan sağlığında önemli rol oynarlar. Vücut biti (Pediculus humanus humanus) pediküloz ile ilişkilidir ve endemik tifüs, siper ateşi ve tekrarlayan ateşi bulaştırabilirler. Pireler, özellikle Xenopsylla cheopis, veba ve fare tifüsünü yaymakla ünlüdür. Tahtakuruları (Cimex türleri), kanıtlanmış bir hastalık vektörü olmamakla birlikte alerjik reaksiyonlara, psikolojik strese ve cilt tahrişine neden olurlar. Anopheles, Aedes ve Culex cinslerine ait sivrisinekler, sıtma, dang humması ve Batı Nil virüsü gibi yaşamı tehdit eden hastalıkları bulaştırırlar. Kum sinekleri (Phlebotomus ve Lutzomyia türleri) leişmanyaz ve tatarcık ateşi virüslerinin vektörüdür. Sarcoptes scabiei gibi akarlar, yoğun kaşıntı ve ikincil enfeksiyonlarla karakterize uyuz hastalığına neden olurken, Demodex akarları bazı bireylerde rosacea ve blefarit gibi rahatsızlıklara katkıda bulunur. Sert keneler (Ixodidae), Lyme hastalığı, babezyoz ve kene kaynaklı ensefalitin ve yumusak keneler ise (Argasidae), kene-kaynaklı tekrarlayan ateşin başlıca vektörleridir. Tüm bu ektoparazitler, doğrudan parazitlik ve hastalık bulaşması yoluyla halk sağlığını önemli ölçüde etkilerler. Surveyans, kontrol ve ilişkili hastalıkların önlenmesi için sağlam stratejiler gerekmektedir.
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