Astrovirüsler
Özet
Astrovirüsler (AstV’ler), Astroviridae ailesinde yer alan, zarfsız, pozitif polariteli, tek sarmallı RNA virüsleridir. İlk olarak 1975 yılında ishalli bebeklerden tanımlanmış olup, infantil gastroenteritin başlıca etkenlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedirler. AstV’ler, dünya genelinde tüm bölgelerde, omurgalılar, kuşlar, memeliler ve insanlar dahil olmak üzere çeşitli konakçılarda bulunan virüslerdir. Isı, asit ve alkaliye karşı son derece dirençli olan bu virüsler fekal oral bulaşır ve genellikle sindirim sistemi ile ilişkili enfeksiyonlara yol açarlar. Bununla birlikte, virüs genotipine ve konak özelliklerine bağlı olarak asemptomatikten ensefalite kadar değişebilen klinik tablolara neden olabilirler.
Yeni nesil dizileme teknikleri sayesinde, farklı türleri enfekte eden birçok astrovirüs tanımlanmış ve Astroviridae ailesinin yüksek bir çeşitlilik ve zoonotik potansiyel gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Yeni astrovirüslerin tanımlanması ve zoonotik geçişlerin yaygınlaşması küresel sağlık tehditi oluşturması açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Astroviruses (AstVs) are non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Astroviridae family. First identified in 1975 from infants with diarrhea, they are considered one of the primary causes of infantile gastroenteritis. AstVs are found worldwide in a variety of hosts, including vertebrates, birds, mammals, and humans. Highly resistant to heat, acids, and alkalis, these viruses are transmitted fecal-orally and typically cause infections associated with the digestive system. However, depending on the virus genotype and host characteristics, they can cause clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to encephalitis.
Next-generation sequencing techniques have identified many astroviruses infecting different species, revealing the high diversity and zoonotic potential of the Astroviridae family. The identification of new astroviruses and the increasing prevalence of zoonotic transmissions pose a significant global health threat.
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