Herpesvirüsler
Özet
Herpes virüs ailesi, insanlarda asemptomatik enfeksiyonlardan ölüme kadar ilerleyen hastalıklara yol açmaktadır. Bu aile; herpes simpleks virüs, sitomegalovirüs, ebstein-barr virüs, varisella zoster virüs, human herpes virüs 6,7 ve 8 ile herpes B virüslerinden oluşmaktadır. Human herpes virüslerinin (HHV) biyolojik döngüsü, virüs ve konak arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi içerir. Bu virüsler, insanlarda yaşam boyu süren latent enfeksiyonlara neden olabilir. Özellikle bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış bireylerde, ciddi ve ağır hastalıklara neden olabilecek potansiyele sahiptirler. Ortaya çıkan hastalıkların tanısı klinik bulgulara ve laboratuvar testlerine dayanmaktadır. Tanıda serolojik testler ve moleküler yöntemler kullanılır. Tedavi ile semptomların süresinin kısaltılması, bulaşmanın ve komplikasyon gelişmesinin azaltılması hedeflenir. Bununla birlikte reaktivasyona bağlı nüksler gelişebilir. HHV’ler, bağışıklığı baskılanmış olgularda kaposi sarkomu başta olmak üzere çeşitli lenfoproliferatif hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Enfeksiyonun bulaşma yollarının kontrol altına alınması güçtür. Mortalitenin ve morbiditenin azaltılması için aşılar ile birlikte yeni terapötik yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç vardır.
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