Pasteurella ve Francisella
Özet
Pasteurella ve Francisella cinsleri, Gammaproteobacteria sınıfına ait, fakültatif anaerop ve aerob özellikler gösteren gram-negatif bakterilerdir. Pasteurella türleri Pasteurellaceae, Francisella türleri ise Francisellaceae ailesine aittir. Bu bakteriler zoonotik enfeksiyonlara neden olur ve bazı türleri biyoterörizm açısından yüksek risk taşır.
Pasteurella cinsi içerisinde en yaygın tür olan P. multocida, özellikle kedi ve köpek ısırıkları sonrası gelişen yumuşak doku enfeksiyonlarının başlıca etkenidir. Francisella cinsinin en önemli üyesi F. tularensis, düşük enfeksiyon dozu nedeniyle oldukça virülandır ve tularemi hastalığının etkenidir.
Her iki bakteri grubu da özel kültür koşulları gerektirir ve çeşitli virülans faktörlerine sahiptir. Pasteurella’nın kapsül ve lipopolisakkarit yapısı patojeniteyi artırırken, Francisella’nın hücre içi hayatta kalma mekanizmaları enfeksiyonun şiddetini belirler. Tanıda kültür yöntemleri, PCR ve serolojik testler kullanılır. Tedavi için Pasteurella enfeksiyonlarında amoksisilin-klavulanik asit, Francisella enfeksiyonlarında ise aminoglikozidler tercih edilir.
Bu kitap bölümü, her iki patojenin mikrobiyolojik özelliklerini, epidemiyolojisini, klinik önemini ve laboratuvar tanısını detaylandırarak sağlık profesyonelleri için kapsamlı bir kaynak sunmaktadır.
Pasteurella and Francisella are gram-negative bacterial genera belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria. Pasteurella species are classified under the Pasteurellaceae family, while Francisella species belong to the Francisellaceae family. These bacteria are zoonotic pathogens, with some species posing a significant bioterrorism risk.
Among the Pasteurella genus, P. multocida is the most common species, frequently causing soft tissue infections following cat and dog bites. In contrast, the most important Francisella species, F. tularensis, is a highly virulent pathogen responsible for tularemia, with a low infectious dose making it a serious public health concern.
Both genera require specific culture conditions and exhibit various virulence factors. The capsule and lipopolysaccharide structure of Pasteurella enhance its pathogenicity, whereas Francisella's intracellular survival mechanisms determine its infection severity. Diagnostic methods include culture techniques, PCR, and serological tests. Treatment options vary, with amoxicillin-clavulanate recommended for Pasteurella infections, while aminoglycosides are preferred for Francisella infections.
This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of these pathogens, detailing their microbiological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical significance, and laboratory diagnostics, serving as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals.
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