Toksik Stresin Beyin Gelişimi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Admon, R., Lubin, G., Rosenblatt, J.D., Stern, O., Kahn, I., Assaf, M. Hendler, T. (2013). Imbalanced neural responsivity to risk and reward indicates stres vulnerability in humans. Cereb Cortex, 23(1), 28-35.

Admon, R., Lubin, G., Stern, O,, Rosenberg, K., Sela, L., Ben-Ami, H., Hendler, T. (2009). Human vulnerability to stress depends on amygdala’s predisposition and hippocampal plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106(33), 14120-14125.

Akdemir, N., Birol, L. (2004). İç hastalıkları ve hemşirelik bakımı. 2.basım, Ankara

Alio, A. (2017). “Toxic Stress and Maternal and Infant Health: A Brief Overview and Trips for Community Health Workers”.

Andero, R., Heldt, S.A., Ye, K., Liu, X., Armario, A., Ressler, K.J. (2011). Effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a Small molecule TrkB agonist, on emotional learning. Am J Psychiatry, 168(2),163-172.

Ardahan, M. (2006). Sosyal destek ve hemşirelik. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, S. 9, s. 68-75.

Balcıoğlu, İ., Savrun, M. (2001). Stres ve Hormonlar. T Klin J Psychiatry, 2, 3-50.

Barutçugil, İ., 2006. Manager’s Management (in Turkish). Kariyer Yay., İstanbul, 244, 246.

Bauer, C.L., Victorson, D., Rosenbloom, S., Barocas, J., Silver, R.K. (2010). Alleviating distress during antepartum hospitalization: A randomized controlled trial of music and recreation therapy. J Womens Health, S. 19, s. 523- 31.

Baumeister, D., Akhtar, R., Ciufolini, S., Pariante, C.M., Mondelli, V., 2016. Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Mol Psychiatr, 21, 642–649.

Beal, J. A. (2019). “Toxic Stress in Children”. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs, 44 (1), 53.

Bentur, O.S., Sarig, G., Brenner, B., Jacob, G. (2018). Effects of acute stress on thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost, 44, 662-668.

Bucci, M., Marques, S. S, Oh, D. and Harris, N. B. (2016). “Toxic Stress in Children and Adolescents”. Advances in Pediatrics, 63 (1), 403-428.

Clarke-Stewart, A., Parke, R.S. (2014) Social Development (2nd ed.). New Jersey, Wiley. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). “Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Preventing Early Trauma to Improve Adult Health”.

Condon, E. M, Holland, M. L, Slade, A, Redeker, N. S, Mayes, L. C. and Sadler, L. S. (2019). “Associations Between Maternal Experiences of Discrimination and Biomarkers of Toxic Stress in School‐Aged Children”. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23,1147–1151.

Copeland, W.E., Wolke, D., Lereya, S.T., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., Costello, E.J., 2014. Childhood bullying involvement predicts low-grade systemic inflammation into adulthood. Proc Natl Acad, 111 (21) 7570-7575.

Çakar, F., Şimşek, H., Sever, A. (2018). Gençlerde diyafragmatik solunum egzersizinin bazı mental ve fiziksel sağlık düzeylerine etkisi. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, S. 7, s. 42-47.

Çavuşoğlu, H. (2019). Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Yayıncılık.

Dahl, R.E., Lewin, D.S. (2002) Pathways to adolescent health: Sleep regulation and behavior. J Adolesc Health, 31, 175–184.

Delisle, T.T., Werch, C.E., Wong, A.H., Bian, H., Weiler, R. (2010) Relationship between frequency and intensity of physical activity and health behaviors of adolescents. J Sch Health, 80, 134-140.

Deppermann, S., Storchak, H., Fallgatter, A.J., Ehlis, A.C. (2014). Stress-Induced Neuroplasticity: (Mal) Adaptation to Adverse Life Events in Patients with PTSD-A Critical Overview. Neuroscience, 283, 166-177.

Elman, I., Lowen, S., Frederick, B.B., Chi, W., Becerra, L., Pitman, R.K. (2009). Functional neuroimaging of reward circuitry responsivity to monetary gains and losses in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 66(12), 1083-1090.

Entringer, S., De Punder, K., Overfeld, J., Karaboycheva, G., Dittrich, K., Buss, C., Winter, S.M., Binder, E.B., Heim, C., 2020. Immediate and longitudinal effects of maltreatment on systemic inflammation in young children. Dev Psychopathol, 32, 1725–1731.

Finsterwald, C,, Alberini, C.M. (2014). Stress and glucocorticoid receptordependent mechanisms in long-term memory: from adaptive responses to psychopathologies. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 112, 17-29.

Forgeron, P.A., King, S., Stinson, J.N., McGrath, P.J., MacDonald, A.J., Chambers, C.T. (2010). Social functioning and peer relationships in children and adolescents with chronic pain: a systematic review. Pain Res Manag, 15, 27-41.

Franke, H. A. (2014). “Toxic Stress: Effects, Prevention and Treatment”. Children, 1 (3), 390-402.

Gao, H., Xu, G., Gao, H., Dong, R., Fu, H., Wang, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. (2015) Effect of repeated kangaroo mother care on repeated procedural pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud, 52, 1157-1165.

Garner, A.S. (2013). “Home Visiting and the Biology of Toxic Stress: Opportunities to Address Early Childhood Adversity”. Pediatrics, 132, 65-73.

Geuze, E., van Wingen, G.A. van , M., , A.R., Vermetten, E. Kavelaars, A., Fernández G, Heijnen C.J. (2012). Glucocorticoid receptor number predicts increase in amygdala activity after severe stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(11),1837-1844.

Gilbertson, M.W., Shenton, M.E., Ciszewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N.B., Orr, S.P., Pitman, R.K. (2002). Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nat Neurosci, 5(11), 1242-1247.

Green, C.R., Corsi-Travali, S. (2013). Neumeister A. The Role of BDNF-TrkB Signaling in the Pathogenesis of PTSD. J Depress Anxiety, S4, 006.

Groeneweg, F.L., Karst, H., de Kloet, E.R. (2011). Joe¨ls M. Rapid nongenomic effects of corticosteroids and their role in the central stress response. J Endocrinol, 209(2), 153-167.

Gunnar, M., Donzella, B. (2002) Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27, 199–220.

Güçlü, N. (2001). Stres Yönetimi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 21, s. 91-109.

Heard-Garris, N., Cale, M., Camaj, L., Hamati, M., and Dominguez, T. (2018). “Transmitting Trauma: A Systematic Review of Vicarious Racism and Child Health”. Soc Sci Med, 199, 230-240.

Hill, D.C., Moss, R.H., Sykes-Muskett, B., Conner, M., O’Connor, D.B. (2018). Stress and eating behaviors in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite, 123: 14–22.

Hjern, A., Alfven, G., Ostberg, V. (2008) School stressors, psychological complaints and psychosomatic pain. Acta Paediatr, 97,112-117.

Johnson, S. B, Riley, A. W, Granger, D. A. and Riis, J. (2013). “The Science of Early Life Toxic Stress for Pediatric Practice and Advocacy”. Pediatrics, 131 (2), 319-327.

Johnstone, M., Feeney, J.A. (2015) Individual differences in responses to workplace stress: the contribution of attachment theory. J Appl Soc Psychol, 45, 412-424.

Kays, J.L., Hurley, R.A., Taber, K.H. (2012). The dynamic brain: neuroplasticity and mental health. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 24(2), 118-124.

Kelly, M. M. and Li, K. (2018). “Poverty, Toxic Stress and Education in Children Born Preterm”. Nursing Research, 68 (4), 275-284.

McEwen, B.S. (2004). Structural plasticity of the adult brain: how animal models help us understand brain changes in depression and systemic disorders related to depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 6(2), 119-133.

McGann, J.P. (2015). Associative learning and sensory neuroplasticity: How does it happen and what is it good for? Learning and Memory, 22(11), 567-76.

Miller-Lewis, L. R, Searle, A. K, Sawyer, M. G, Baghurst, P. A. and Hedley, D. (2013). “Resource Factors for Mental Health Resilience in Early Childhood: An Analysis with Multiple Methodologies”. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 7 (1), 6.

Mitchell, C., Hobcraft, J., McLanahan, S.S., Siegel, S.R., Berg, A., Brooks-Gunn, J. (2014) Social disadvantage, genetic sensitivity, and children’s telomere length. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 111, 5944-5949.

Mounts, N.S. (2002) Parental management of adolescent peer relationships in context: the role of parenting style. J Fam Psychol, 16, 58-69.

Özel, Y., Bay Karabulut, A. (2018). Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, S. 1, s. 48-56.

Painter, K., Scannapieco, M. (2013). Child Maltreatment: The Neurobiological Aspects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Evid Based Soc Work, 10(4), 276-284.

Pascual-Leone, A., Amedi, A., Fregni, F., Merabet, L.B. (2005). The plastic human brain cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci, 28, 377-401.

Perkins, A. (2019). “Toxic Stress in Children: Impact Over a Lifetime”. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 17 (2), 42-49.

Pitman, R.K., Rasmusson, A.M., Koenen, K.C., Shin, L.M., Orr, S.P., Gilbertson, M.W., Milad, M.R., Liberzon, I. (2012). Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Rev Neurosci, 13(11), 769-787.

Public Health Institute. (2014). “Addressing the Health Consequences of Childhood Trauma”. Erişim adresi: https://www.phi.org/about/impacts/addressing-the-health-consequences-of-childhood-trauma/. (Erişim tarihi: 17.4.2021).

Russel, A.L., Tasker, J.G., Lucion, A.B., Fiedler, J., Munhoz, C.D., Wu, J.T., Deak, T. (2018). Factors promoting vulnerability to dysregulate dstress reactivity and stress-related disease. Journal of Neuro endocrinology, Oct;30(10):e12641.

Samara, M, Hammuda, S, Vostanis, P, El-Khodary, B. and Al-Dewik, N. (2020). “Children’s Prolonged Exposure to the Toxic Stress of War Trauma in the Middle East”. BMJ, 19, 371, m3155.

Santrock, J.W. (2011). Life-Span Development, 13th edition. New York,McGraw Hill.

Schulz-Heik, R.J., Schaer, M., Eliez, S., Hallmayer, J.F., Lin, X., Kaloupek, D.G., Woodward, S.H. (2011). Catechol-Omethyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism moderates anterior cingulate volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry,70(11),1091-1096.

Selye, H. (1976). “Forty Years o f Stress Research: Principal Remaining Problems and Misconceptions”. Can Med Assoc J, 115 (1), 53-56.

Sierra-Mercado, D., Padilla-Coreano, N., Quirk, G.J. (2011). Dissociable roles of prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, ventral hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala in the expression and extinction of conditioned fear. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(2), 529-538.

Shoemark, H., Harcourt, E., Arnup, S. J., and Hunt, R. W. (2016). “Characterising the Ambient Sound Environment for Infants in Intensive Care Wards”. Journal of Paediatrics Child Health, 52 (4), 436-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13084.

Shore, Rima. (1997). Rethinking the Brain: New Insights into Early Development. New York: Families and Work Institute.

Tate, E.B., Spruijt-Metz, D., Pickering, T.A., Pentz, M.A. (2015). Two facets of stress and indirect effects on child diet through emotion-driven eating. Eat Behav, 18, 84-90.

States Department of Health and Human Services. (2013). “Child Maltreatment”. Erişim adresi: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/research-data-technology/ statistics-research/child-maltreatment. (Erişim tarihi: 18.04.2021).

Wang, Z., Neylan, T.C., Mueller, S.G., Lenoci, M., Truran, D., Marmar, C.R., Weiner, M.W., Schuff, N. (2010). Magnetic resonance imaging of hippocampal subfields in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 296-303.

Weinstock, M. (2008) The long-term behavioral consequences of prenatal stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 32:1073–1086.

Woodward, S.H., Kaloupek, D.G., Streeter, C.C., Martinez, C., Schaer, M., Eliez, S. (2006). Decreased anterior cingulate volume in combatrelated PTSD. Biol Psychiatry, 59(7), 582-587.

Admon, R., Lubin, G., Rosenblatt, J.D., Stern, O., Kahn, I., Assaf, M. Hendler, T. (2013). Imbalanced neural responsivity to risk and reward indicates stres vulnerability in humans. Cereb Cortex, 23(1), 28-35.

Admon, R., Lubin, G., Stern, O,, Rosenberg, K., Sela, L., Ben-Ami, H., Hendler, T. (2009). Human vulnerability to stress depends on amygdala’s predisposition and hippocampal plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106(33), 14120-14125.

Akdemir, N., Birol, L. (2004). İç hastalıkları ve hemşirelik bakımı. 2.basım, Ankara

Alio, A. (2017). “Toxic Stress and Maternal and Infant Health: A Brief Overview and Trips for Community Health Workers”.

Andero, R., Heldt, S.A., Ye, K., Liu, X., Armario, A., Ressler, K.J. (2011). Effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a Small molecule TrkB agonist, on emotional learning. Am J Psychiatry, 168(2),163-172.

Ardahan, M. (2006). Sosyal destek ve hemşirelik. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, S. 9, s. 68-75.

Balcıoğlu, İ., Savrun, M. (2001). Stres ve Hormonlar. T Klin J Psychiatry, 2, 3-50.

Barutçugil, İ., 2006. Manager’s Management (in Turkish). Kariyer Yay., İstanbul, 244, 246.

Bauer, C.L., Victorson, D., Rosenbloom, S., Barocas, J., Silver, R.K. (2010). Alleviating distress during antepartum hospitalization: A randomized controlled trial of music and recreation therapy. J Womens Health, S. 19, s. 523- 31.

Baumeister, D., Akhtar, R., Ciufolini, S., Pariante, C.M., Mondelli, V., 2016. Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Mol Psychiatr, 21, 642–649.

Beal, J. A. (2019). “Toxic Stress in Children”. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs, 44 (1), 53.

Bentur, O.S., Sarig, G., Brenner, B., Jacob, G. (2018). Effects of acute stress on thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost, 44, 662-668.

Bucci, M., Marques, S. S, Oh, D. and Harris, N. B. (2016). “Toxic Stress in Children and Adolescents”. Advances in Pediatrics, 63 (1), 403-428.

Clarke-Stewart, A., Parke, R.S. (2014) Social Development (2nd ed.). New Jersey, Wiley. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). “Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Preventing Early Trauma to Improve Adult Health”.

Condon, E. M, Holland, M. L, Slade, A, Redeker, N. S, Mayes, L. C. and Sadler, L. S. (2019). “Associations Between Maternal Experiences of Discrimination and Biomarkers of Toxic Stress in School‐Aged Children”. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23,1147–1151.

Copeland, W.E., Wolke, D., Lereya, S.T., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., Costello, E.J., 2014. Childhood bullying involvement predicts low-grade systemic inflammation into adulthood. Proc Natl Acad, 111 (21) 7570-7575.

Çakar, F., Şimşek, H., Sever, A. (2018). Gençlerde diyafragmatik solunum egzersizinin bazı mental ve fiziksel sağlık düzeylerine etkisi. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, S. 7, s. 42-47.

Çavuşoğlu, H. (2019). Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Yayıncılık.

Dahl, R.E., Lewin, D.S. (2002) Pathways to adolescent health: Sleep regulation and behavior. J Adolesc Health, 31, 175–184.

Delisle, T.T., Werch, C.E., Wong, A.H., Bian, H., Weiler, R. (2010) Relationship between frequency and intensity of physical activity and health behaviors of adolescents. J Sch Health, 80, 134-140.

Deppermann, S., Storchak, H., Fallgatter, A.J., Ehlis, A.C. (2014). Stress-Induced Neuroplasticity: (Mal) Adaptation to Adverse Life Events in Patients with PTSD-A Critical Overview. Neuroscience, 283, 166-177.

Elman, I., Lowen, S., Frederick, B.B., Chi, W., Becerra, L., Pitman, R.K. (2009). Functional neuroimaging of reward circuitry responsivity to monetary gains and losses in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 66(12), 1083-1090.

Entringer, S., De Punder, K., Overfeld, J., Karaboycheva, G., Dittrich, K., Buss, C., Winter, S.M., Binder, E.B., Heim, C., 2020. Immediate and longitudinal effects of maltreatment on systemic inflammation in young children. Dev Psychopathol, 32, 1725–1731.

Finsterwald, C,, Alberini, C.M. (2014). Stress and glucocorticoid receptordependent mechanisms in long-term memory: from adaptive responses to psychopathologies. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 112, 17-29.

Forgeron, P.A., King, S., Stinson, J.N., McGrath, P.J., MacDonald, A.J., Chambers, C.T. (2010). Social functioning and peer relationships in children and adolescents with chronic pain: a systematic review. Pain Res Manag, 15, 27-41.

Franke, H. A. (2014). “Toxic Stress: Effects, Prevention and Treatment”. Children, 1 (3), 390-402.

Gao, H., Xu, G., Gao, H., Dong, R., Fu, H., Wang, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. (2015) Effect of repeated kangaroo mother care on repeated procedural pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud, 52, 1157-1165.

Garner, A.S. (2013). “Home Visiting and the Biology of Toxic Stress: Opportunities to Address Early Childhood Adversity”. Pediatrics, 132, 65-73.

Geuze, E., van Wingen, G.A. van , M., , A.R., Vermetten, E. Kavelaars, A., Fernández G, Heijnen C.J. (2012). Glucocorticoid receptor number predicts increase in amygdala activity after severe stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(11),1837-1844.

Gilbertson, M.W., Shenton, M.E., Ciszewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N.B., Orr, S.P., Pitman, R.K. (2002). Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nat Neurosci, 5(11), 1242-1247.

Green, C.R., Corsi-Travali, S. (2013). Neumeister A. The Role of BDNF-TrkB Signaling in the Pathogenesis of PTSD. J Depress Anxiety, S4, 006.

Groeneweg, F.L., Karst, H., de Kloet, E.R. (2011). Joe¨ls M. Rapid nongenomic effects of corticosteroids and their role in the central stress response. J Endocrinol, 209(2), 153-167.

Gunnar, M., Donzella, B. (2002) Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27, 199–220.

Güçlü, N. (2001). Stres Yönetimi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 21, s. 91-109.

Heard-Garris, N., Cale, M., Camaj, L., Hamati, M., and Dominguez, T. (2018). “Transmitting Trauma: A Systematic Review of Vicarious Racism and Child Health”. Soc Sci Med, 199, 230-240.

Hill, D.C., Moss, R.H., Sykes-Muskett, B., Conner, M., O’Connor, D.B. (2018). Stress and eating behaviors in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite, 123: 14–22.

Hjern, A., Alfven, G., Ostberg, V. (2008) School stressors, psychological complaints and psychosomatic pain. Acta Paediatr, 97,112-117.

Johnson, S. B, Riley, A. W, Granger, D. A. and Riis, J. (2013). “The Science of Early Life Toxic Stress for Pediatric Practice and Advocacy”. Pediatrics, 131 (2), 319-327.

Johnstone, M., Feeney, J.A. (2015) Individual differences in responses to workplace stress: the contribution of attachment theory. J Appl Soc Psychol, 45, 412-424.

Kays, J.L., Hurley, R.A., Taber, K.H. (2012). The dynamic brain: neuroplasticity and mental health. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 24(2), 118-124.

Kelly, M. M. and Li, K. (2018). “Poverty, Toxic Stress and Education in Children Born Preterm”. Nursing Research, 68 (4), 275-284.

McEwen, B.S. (2004). Structural plasticity of the adult brain: how animal models help us understand brain changes in depression and systemic disorders related to depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 6(2), 119-133.

McGann, J.P. (2015). Associative learning and sensory neuroplasticity: How does it happen and what is it good for? Learning and Memory, 22(11), 567-76.

Miller-Lewis, L. R, Searle, A. K, Sawyer, M. G, Baghurst, P. A. and Hedley, D. (2013). “Resource Factors for Mental Health Resilience in Early Childhood: An Analysis with Multiple Methodologies”. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 7 (1), 6.

Mitchell, C., Hobcraft, J., McLanahan, S.S., Siegel, S.R., Berg, A., Brooks-Gunn, J. (2014) Social disadvantage, genetic sensitivity, and children’s telomere length. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 111, 5944-5949.

Mounts, N.S. (2002) Parental management of adolescent peer relationships in context: the role of parenting style. J Fam Psychol, 16, 58-69.

Özel, Y., Bay Karabulut, A. (2018). Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, S. 1, s. 48-56.

Painter, K., Scannapieco, M. (2013). Child Maltreatment: The Neurobiological Aspects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Evid Based Soc Work, 10(4), 276-284.

Pascual-Leone, A., Amedi, A., Fregni, F., Merabet, L.B. (2005). The plastic human brain cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci, 28, 377-401.

Perkins, A. (2019). “Toxic Stress in Children: Impact Over a Lifetime”. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 17 (2), 42-49.

Pitman, R.K., Rasmusson, A.M., Koenen, K.C., Shin, L.M., Orr, S.P., Gilbertson, M.W., Milad, M.R., Liberzon, I. (2012). Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Rev Neurosci, 13(11), 769-787.

Public Health Institute. (2014). “Addressing the Health Consequences of Childhood Trauma”. Erişim adresi: https://www.phi.org/about/impacts/addressing-the-health-consequences-of-childhood-trauma/. (Erişim tarihi: 17.4.2021).

Russel, A.L., Tasker, J.G., Lucion, A.B., Fiedler, J., Munhoz, C.D., Wu, J.T., Deak, T. (2018). Factors promoting vulnerability to dysregulate dstress reactivity and stress-related disease. Journal of Neuro endocrinology, Oct;30(10):e12641.

Samara, M, Hammuda, S, Vostanis, P, El-Khodary, B. and Al-Dewik, N. (2020). “Children’s Prolonged Exposure to the Toxic Stress of War Trauma in the Middle East”. BMJ, 19, 371, m3155.

Santrock, J.W. (2011). Life-Span Development, 13th edition. New York,McGraw Hill.

Schulz-Heik, R.J., Schaer, M., Eliez, S., Hallmayer, J.F., Lin, X., Kaloupek, D.G., Woodward, S.H. (2011). Catechol-Omethyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism moderates anterior cingulate volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry,70(11),1091-1096.

Selye, H. (1976). “Forty Years o f Stress Research: Principal Remaining Problems and Misconceptions”. Can Med Assoc J, 115 (1), 53-56.

Sierra-Mercado, D., Padilla-Coreano, N., Quirk, G.J. (2011). Dissociable roles of prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, ventral hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala in the expression and extinction of conditioned fear. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(2), 529-538.

Shoemark, H., Harcourt, E., Arnup, S. J., and Hunt, R. W. (2016). “Characterising the Ambient Sound Environment for Infants in Intensive Care Wards”. Journal of Paediatrics Child Health, 52 (4), 436-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13084.

Shore, Rima. (1997). Rethinking the Brain: New Insights into Early Development. New York: Families and Work Institute.

Tate, E.B., Spruijt-Metz, D., Pickering, T.A., Pentz, M.A. (2015). Two facets of stress and indirect effects on child diet through emotion-driven eating. Eat Behav, 18, 84-90.

States Department of Health and Human Services. (2013). “Child Maltreatment”. Erişim adresi: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/research-data-technology/ statistics-research/child-maltreatment. (Erişim tarihi: 18.04.2021).

Wang, Z., Neylan, T.C., Mueller, S.G., Lenoci, M., Truran, D., Marmar, C.R., Weiner, M.W., Schuff, N. (2010). Magnetic resonance imaging of hippocampal subfields in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 296-303.

Weinstock, M. (2008) The long-term behavioral consequences of prenatal stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 32:1073–1086.

Woodward, S.H., Kaloupek, D.G., Streeter, C.C., Martinez, C., Schaer, M., Eliez, S. (2006). Decreased anterior cingulate volume in combatrelated PTSD. Biol Psychiatry, 59(7), 582-587.