Çoğul Sesler, Biriciklik ve Çeşitlilik
Özet
Bu çalışma, modern toplumlarda çoğul seslerin, kültürel çeşitliliğin ve bireysel özgünlüklerin giderek azalmasını ve bu süreçte homojenleşmenin etkilerini ele almaktadır. Kapitalizm, neoliberalizm, popülizm ve sosyal medya gibi dinamikler, bireylerin özgün kimliklerini ifade etmelerini zorlaştırmış, toplumsal yapıyı giderek daha tek tip bir hale getirmiştir. Çalışma, medya, kültür endüstrisi ve siyasi söylemler aracılığıyla toplumların homojenleşme sürecine nasıl itildiğini ve bu durumun etik değerler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Yaşam, ölüm, anlatı ve anı gibi değerlerin ticarileşmesi ve anlam kaybına uğraması, modern toplumlarda bireylerin toplumsal dayanışma ve hoşgörü değerlerini kaybetmelerine yol açmıştır. Çalışmada, bu olumsuz etkilerin üstesinden gelmek için medya okuryazarlığı, toplumsal diyalog, alternatif medya destekleri ve yerel kültürlerin korunması gibi stratejik çözümler önerilmektedir. Çalışma, çoğulculuğun korunmasının etik değerleri güçlendireceğini ve demokratik bir toplum yapısına katkıda bulunacağını kuramsal okumalar ışığında öne sürmektedir.
Referanslar
Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (2002). Dialectic of enlightenment. Stanford University Press.
Applebaum, A. (2023). Twilight of democracy: The seductive lure of authoritarianism. Atlantic Magazine.
Aronson, M., & Amossy, R. (2017). Political discourse and conflict narratives: The case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Routledge.
Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press.
Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Polity Press.
Betz, H.-G., & Meret, S. (2009). Revisiting populism in the study of the far right: An ideology or a strategy? International Journal of Social Science, 61(1), 158–168.
Bonikowski, B. (2017). Ethno-nationalist populism and the mobilization of collective resentment. British Journal of Sociology, 68(S1), 181–213.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press.
Castells, M. (2012). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the internet age. Polity.
Chen, L. (2022). Authoritarianism and digital control: The role of technology in modern governance. Oxford University Press.
Dilli, Ş. (2010). Les «médias des groupes ethniquement minorisés» en France et en Turquie: Étude comparée sur la représentativité et la citoyenneté (Doctoral dissertation, Paris 3).
Dilli Ş. (2014). Analyzing and understanding the changes in Media Production and Consumption Carried by it. Journal of Media Critiques [JMC]-Changes in Mass Communication, 75-86.
Downing, J. D. H. (2001). Radical media: Rebellious communication and social movements. SAGE Publications.
Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2018). National populism: The revolt against liberal democracy. Penguin Books.
Finchelstein, F. (2024). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–1979. Palgrave Macmillan.
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. SAGE Publications.
Galtung, J. (1989). Solving conflicts through nonviolence. Jain Publishing Company.
Gaufman, E. (2023). Memory, media and the impact of conflict in Ukraine: Nationalism and violence in Russian public discourse. Springer.
Gellman, B. (2023). Trump's next coup has already begun. The Atlantic.
Giroux, H. A. (2014). The violence of organized forgetting: Thinking beyond America’s disimagination machine. City Lights Books.
Golder, M. (2016). Far right parties in Europe. Annual Review of Political Science, 19(1), 477–497.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Beacon Press.
Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
Jameson, F. (1991). Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. Duke University Press.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
Kaya, A. (2023). Milliyetçilik ve göç karşıtlığı: Türkiye’de siyasal söylemlerin dönüşümü. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 15(3), 221-235.
Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2007). Critical media literacy, democracy, and the reconstruction of education. In D. Macedo & S. Steinberg (Eds.), Media literacy: A reader (pp. 3–23). Peter Lang.
Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2023). Tyranny of the minority: How to reverse an authoritarian turn and forge a democracy for all. Random House.
Marche, S. (2024). The next American civil war: A reality check. The Guardian.
Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism: Performance, political style, and representation. Stanford University Press.
Morozov, E. (2012). The net delusion: The dark side of internet freedom. PublicAffairs.
Mudde, C. (2019). The far right today. Polity Press.
Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2018). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Mutsvairo, B. (2016). Participatory politics and citizen journalism in a networked Africa: A connected continent. Palgrave Macmillan.
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press.
Özkan, E. (2023). Türkiye’de milliyetçi ve muhafazakâr politikalarda yükseliş: Göç ve ekonomik zorlukların rolü. Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi, 12(4), 410-426.
Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press.
Ritzer, G. (2007). The globalization of nothing. Pine Forge Press.
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon.
Şen, F. (2024). Ekonomik kriz ve popülist politikalar: Türkiye’de işsizlik ve yoksulluğun siyasal etkileri. Ekonomi ve Siyaset Dergisi, 18(2), 300-315.
Smith, L. (2006). Uses of heritage. Routledge.
Storey, J. (2018). Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction (8th ed.). Routledge.
Tourish, D. (2023). Populism, conspiracy theories and leadership: A toxic triangle in politics. Sage Journals.
Tugal, C. (2009). Passive revolution: Absorbing the Islamic challenge to capitalism. Stanford University Press.
Vaidhyanathan, S. (2018). Antisocial media: How Facebook disconnects us and undermines democracy. Oxford University Press.
van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.
Referanslar
Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (2002). Dialectic of enlightenment. Stanford University Press.
Applebaum, A. (2023). Twilight of democracy: The seductive lure of authoritarianism. Atlantic Magazine.
Aronson, M., & Amossy, R. (2017). Political discourse and conflict narratives: The case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Routledge.
Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press.
Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Polity Press.
Betz, H.-G., & Meret, S. (2009). Revisiting populism in the study of the far right: An ideology or a strategy? International Journal of Social Science, 61(1), 158–168.
Bonikowski, B. (2017). Ethno-nationalist populism and the mobilization of collective resentment. British Journal of Sociology, 68(S1), 181–213.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press.
Castells, M. (2012). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the internet age. Polity.
Chen, L. (2022). Authoritarianism and digital control: The role of technology in modern governance. Oxford University Press.
Dilli, Ş. (2010). Les «médias des groupes ethniquement minorisés» en France et en Turquie: Étude comparée sur la représentativité et la citoyenneté (Doctoral dissertation, Paris 3).
Dilli Ş. (2014). Analyzing and understanding the changes in Media Production and Consumption Carried by it. Journal of Media Critiques [JMC]-Changes in Mass Communication, 75-86.
Downing, J. D. H. (2001). Radical media: Rebellious communication and social movements. SAGE Publications.
Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2018). National populism: The revolt against liberal democracy. Penguin Books.
Finchelstein, F. (2024). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–1979. Palgrave Macmillan.
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. SAGE Publications.
Galtung, J. (1989). Solving conflicts through nonviolence. Jain Publishing Company.
Gaufman, E. (2023). Memory, media and the impact of conflict in Ukraine: Nationalism and violence in Russian public discourse. Springer.
Gellman, B. (2023). Trump's next coup has already begun. The Atlantic.
Giroux, H. A. (2014). The violence of organized forgetting: Thinking beyond America’s disimagination machine. City Lights Books.
Golder, M. (2016). Far right parties in Europe. Annual Review of Political Science, 19(1), 477–497.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Beacon Press.
Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
Jameson, F. (1991). Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. Duke University Press.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
Kaya, A. (2023). Milliyetçilik ve göç karşıtlığı: Türkiye’de siyasal söylemlerin dönüşümü. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 15(3), 221-235.
Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2007). Critical media literacy, democracy, and the reconstruction of education. In D. Macedo & S. Steinberg (Eds.), Media literacy: A reader (pp. 3–23). Peter Lang.
Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2023). Tyranny of the minority: How to reverse an authoritarian turn and forge a democracy for all. Random House.
Marche, S. (2024). The next American civil war: A reality check. The Guardian.
Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism: Performance, political style, and representation. Stanford University Press.
Morozov, E. (2012). The net delusion: The dark side of internet freedom. PublicAffairs.
Mudde, C. (2019). The far right today. Polity Press.
Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2018). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Mutsvairo, B. (2016). Participatory politics and citizen journalism in a networked Africa: A connected continent. Palgrave Macmillan.
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press.
Özkan, E. (2023). Türkiye’de milliyetçi ve muhafazakâr politikalarda yükseliş: Göç ve ekonomik zorlukların rolü. Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi, 12(4), 410-426.
Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press.
Ritzer, G. (2007). The globalization of nothing. Pine Forge Press.
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon.
Şen, F. (2024). Ekonomik kriz ve popülist politikalar: Türkiye’de işsizlik ve yoksulluğun siyasal etkileri. Ekonomi ve Siyaset Dergisi, 18(2), 300-315.
Smith, L. (2006). Uses of heritage. Routledge.
Storey, J. (2018). Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction (8th ed.). Routledge.
Tourish, D. (2023). Populism, conspiracy theories and leadership: A toxic triangle in politics. Sage Journals.
Tugal, C. (2009). Passive revolution: Absorbing the Islamic challenge to capitalism. Stanford University Press.
Vaidhyanathan, S. (2018). Antisocial media: How Facebook disconnects us and undermines democracy. Oxford University Press.
van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.
