Meslek Hastalıkları ve Mesleki Risk Faktörleri
Özet
İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğinde çalışma hayatında çevresel ve mesleki sağlığı, havadaki, suda ve topraktaki kimyasal, fiziksel, radyolojik ve biyolojik faktörler önemli ölçüde etkiler. Maruziyet sonucunda oluşan sağlık riskleri arasında yaralanma, toksik radyasyona maruz kalma, kanser ve teratojenik etkenler bulunur ve bu etkenlerde kanser, akciğer, kalp gibi çeşitli hastalıkları yol açar. Güvenli olmayan çevre veya çalışma koşullarıyla ilişkili çevresel faktörler akut veya kronik hastalıklara neden olabilir. Çalışma koşulları ve çevre, küçük işyeri ortamlarından büyük ölçekli topluluklara kadar çalışanları etkiler ve aynı zamanda bu durum küresel etkilere de sahiptir. Yasalar, düzenlemeler, standartlar, politikalar ve Uluslararası toplulukların ve devletlerin sorumluluğu çalışma ortamının etkilerinin azaltılmasında küresel yönleriyle mücadele için hayati önem taşır.
In Occupational Health and Safety, environmental and occupational health in working life, chemical, physical, radiological and biological factors in the air, water and soil significantly affect. Health risks resulting from exposure include injury, toxic radiation exposure, cancer and teratogenic factors, and these factors lead to various diseases such as cancer, lung and heart. Environmental factors associated with unsafe environments or working conditions can cause acute or chronic diseases. Working conditions and the environment affect workers from small workplaces to large-scale communities, and this situation also has global effects. Laws, regulations, standards, policies and the responsibility of the international community and states are vital to combat the global aspects of reducing the effects of the working environment.
Referanslar
Aw, T.-C., & Blair, I. (2010). Occupational infections. In Infectious Diseases (pp. 715–726). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-04579-7.00067-8
Bakali, U., Killawala, C., Monteagudo, E., Dikici, E., Deo, S. K., & Daunert, S. (2024). Exhaled breath analysis applications for evaluating occupational and environmental exposures. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 177(May), 117787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117787
Castillo, D. N., Pizatella, T. J., Tiesman, H. M., & Harris, J. R. (2025). Occupational Injuries and Workplace Violence. Içinde International Encyclopedia of Public Health (ss. 713-727). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99967-0.00056-9
Crespo-Lopez, M. E., Lopes-Araújo, A., Basta, P. C., Soares-Silva, I., de Souza, C. B. A., Leal-Nazaré, C. G., Santos-Sacramento, L., Barthelemy, J. L., Arrifano, G. P., & Augusto-Oliveira, M. (2024). Environmental pollution challenges public health surveillance: the case of mercury exposure and intoxication in Brazil. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 39, 100880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2024.100880
Das, S., Nath, T. C., Rahman, M., Uddin, J., Naher, N., Akter, M., Rahman, M., & Adhikari, A. (2024). Occupational Hazards in Lead-acid Battery Factories in Bangladesh: Assessing Excess Heat, Noise, Chemical Exposures, and Health Impacts on Workers. Safety and Health at Work, xxxx, 0–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.06.004
Dement, J. M., Harris, R. L., Symons, M. J., & Shy, C. M. (1983). Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers. Part II: Mortality. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 4(3), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700040304
Deng, Q., Wang, X., Wang, M., & Lan, Y. (2012). Exposure - Response relationship between chrysotile exposure and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(2), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2011.064899
Diepgen, T. L. (2012). Occupational skin diseases. JDDG - Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 10(5), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07890.x
Diseases, O., & Injury, I. (2006). Further Reading. 208–216.
Eliasson, K., Lewis, C., Hellman, T., Dahlgren, G., Svartengren, M., & Nyman, T. (2023). Does occupational health surveillance lead to risk reduction for workers exposed to hand-intensive work? Applied Ergonomics, 112(June), 104074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104074
Fadeev, A. G., Goryaev, D. V., Shur, P. Z., Zaitseva, N. V., Fokin, V. A., & Red’ko, S. V. (2024). Harmful chemicals in occupational air in the ore mining sector of the metal industry as occupational health risk factors (Analytical review). Health Risk Analysis, 7(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.2.14.eng
Feletto, E., Schonfeld, S. J., Kovalevskiy, E. V., Bukhtiyarov, I. V., Kashanskiy, S. V., Moissonnier, M., Straif, K., Schüz, J., & Kromhout, H. (2017). A comparison of parallel dust and fibre measurements of airborne chrysotile asbestos in a large mine and processing factories in the Russian Federation. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(5), 857–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.04.001
Greenberg, M. R. (2007). Contemporary Environmental and Occupational Health Issues: More Breadth and Depth. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 395-397. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.095869
Godfred Yawson, S., Kengo Nathan, E., Zakariya’u, D., Angyiba Serge, A., & Felix, A. (2023). Occupational Exposure to Infectious Diseases among Health Workers: Effects, Managements and Recommendations. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, 9(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510295
Iqbal, H., Waheed, B., Haider, H., Tesfamariam, S., & Sadiq, R. (2019). Mapping safety culture attributes with integrity management program to achieve assessment goals: A framework for oil and gas pipelines industry. Journal of Safety Research, 68, 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2018.12.010
Ivanović, S., Trgovčević, S., Jovanović, M. C., Kocić, B., & Milutinović, S. (2023). The Cross-Sectional Study of attitudes towards risk factors of viral infections transmitted by blood-borne pathogens. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem, 57, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0097en
Maisonet, M., Correa, A., Misra, D., Jaakkola, J.J., 2004. A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth. Environ. Res. 95, 106–115.
Moser, C. O. N. (2006). in D Eveloping C Ountries. Policy, 345(November), 1–9.
Murgia, N., Akgun, M., Blanc, P. D., Costa, J. T., Moitra, S., Muñoz, X., Toren, K., & Ferreira, A. J. (2024). Issue 3—The occupational burden of respiratory diseases, an update. Pulmonology, 000(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.03.004
Rafiee, A., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., Sly, P. D., Quémerais, B., Hashemi, F., Akbari, S., & Hoseini, M. (2020). Environmental chronic exposure to metals and effects on attention and executive function in the general population. Science of the Total Environment, 705, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135911
Şen, S., Barlas, G., Yakıştıran, S., Derin, İ. G., Şerifi, B. A., Özlü, A., Braeckman, L., van der Laan, G., & van Dijk, F. (2019). Prevention of Occupational Diseases in Turkey: Deriving Lessons From Journey of Surveillance. Safety and Health at Work, 10(4), 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.09.006
Taherzadeh Chenani, K., Zarei, E., Yazdi, M., Klockner, K., Alimohammadlou, M., & Kamalinia, M. (2024). A systematic review of the integration between occupational and process safety risk analysis methodologies. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 91(May), 105387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105387
Tulchinsky, T. H., & Varavikova, E. A. (2014). Environmental and Occupational Health. Içinde The New Public Health (ss. 471-533). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00009-4
Ummiar, A., & Khultihad, A. D. (2020). Occupational Diseases and Occupational Accidents Including Disease Diagnosis and Prevention. Journal Wetenskap Health, 1(2), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.48173/jwh.v1i2.41
Viramgami, A., Shah, R., Dhatrak, S., Sheth, A., Singh, D. P., Sivaperumal, P., & Upadhyay, K. (2024). Impact of occupational lead exposure on the comprehensive health status of gas cutter workers. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 30(October), 0–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101820
Vitale, E., Salvago, P., Campanella, A. F., & Cirrincione, L. (2024). A Protocol of Prevention and Protection Measures on New Occupational Risk Factors in Green Jobs in Italian Workplaces. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(15), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156691
Referanslar
Aw, T.-C., & Blair, I. (2010). Occupational infections. In Infectious Diseases (pp. 715–726). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-04579-7.00067-8
Bakali, U., Killawala, C., Monteagudo, E., Dikici, E., Deo, S. K., & Daunert, S. (2024). Exhaled breath analysis applications for evaluating occupational and environmental exposures. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 177(May), 117787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117787
Castillo, D. N., Pizatella, T. J., Tiesman, H. M., & Harris, J. R. (2025). Occupational Injuries and Workplace Violence. Içinde International Encyclopedia of Public Health (ss. 713-727). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99967-0.00056-9
Crespo-Lopez, M. E., Lopes-Araújo, A., Basta, P. C., Soares-Silva, I., de Souza, C. B. A., Leal-Nazaré, C. G., Santos-Sacramento, L., Barthelemy, J. L., Arrifano, G. P., & Augusto-Oliveira, M. (2024). Environmental pollution challenges public health surveillance: the case of mercury exposure and intoxication in Brazil. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 39, 100880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2024.100880
Das, S., Nath, T. C., Rahman, M., Uddin, J., Naher, N., Akter, M., Rahman, M., & Adhikari, A. (2024). Occupational Hazards in Lead-acid Battery Factories in Bangladesh: Assessing Excess Heat, Noise, Chemical Exposures, and Health Impacts on Workers. Safety and Health at Work, xxxx, 0–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.06.004
Dement, J. M., Harris, R. L., Symons, M. J., & Shy, C. M. (1983). Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers. Part II: Mortality. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 4(3), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700040304
Deng, Q., Wang, X., Wang, M., & Lan, Y. (2012). Exposure - Response relationship between chrysotile exposure and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(2), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2011.064899
Diepgen, T. L. (2012). Occupational skin diseases. JDDG - Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 10(5), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07890.x
Diseases, O., & Injury, I. (2006). Further Reading. 208–216.
Eliasson, K., Lewis, C., Hellman, T., Dahlgren, G., Svartengren, M., & Nyman, T. (2023). Does occupational health surveillance lead to risk reduction for workers exposed to hand-intensive work? Applied Ergonomics, 112(June), 104074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104074
Fadeev, A. G., Goryaev, D. V., Shur, P. Z., Zaitseva, N. V., Fokin, V. A., & Red’ko, S. V. (2024). Harmful chemicals in occupational air in the ore mining sector of the metal industry as occupational health risk factors (Analytical review). Health Risk Analysis, 7(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.2.14.eng
Feletto, E., Schonfeld, S. J., Kovalevskiy, E. V., Bukhtiyarov, I. V., Kashanskiy, S. V., Moissonnier, M., Straif, K., Schüz, J., & Kromhout, H. (2017). A comparison of parallel dust and fibre measurements of airborne chrysotile asbestos in a large mine and processing factories in the Russian Federation. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(5), 857–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.04.001
Greenberg, M. R. (2007). Contemporary Environmental and Occupational Health Issues: More Breadth and Depth. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 395-397. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.095869
Godfred Yawson, S., Kengo Nathan, E., Zakariya’u, D., Angyiba Serge, A., & Felix, A. (2023). Occupational Exposure to Infectious Diseases among Health Workers: Effects, Managements and Recommendations. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, 9(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510295
Iqbal, H., Waheed, B., Haider, H., Tesfamariam, S., & Sadiq, R. (2019). Mapping safety culture attributes with integrity management program to achieve assessment goals: A framework for oil and gas pipelines industry. Journal of Safety Research, 68, 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2018.12.010
Ivanović, S., Trgovčević, S., Jovanović, M. C., Kocić, B., & Milutinović, S. (2023). The Cross-Sectional Study of attitudes towards risk factors of viral infections transmitted by blood-borne pathogens. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem, 57, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0097en
Maisonet, M., Correa, A., Misra, D., Jaakkola, J.J., 2004. A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth. Environ. Res. 95, 106–115.
Moser, C. O. N. (2006). in D Eveloping C Ountries. Policy, 345(November), 1–9.
Murgia, N., Akgun, M., Blanc, P. D., Costa, J. T., Moitra, S., Muñoz, X., Toren, K., & Ferreira, A. J. (2024). Issue 3—The occupational burden of respiratory diseases, an update. Pulmonology, 000(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.03.004
Rafiee, A., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., Sly, P. D., Quémerais, B., Hashemi, F., Akbari, S., & Hoseini, M. (2020). Environmental chronic exposure to metals and effects on attention and executive function in the general population. Science of the Total Environment, 705, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135911
Şen, S., Barlas, G., Yakıştıran, S., Derin, İ. G., Şerifi, B. A., Özlü, A., Braeckman, L., van der Laan, G., & van Dijk, F. (2019). Prevention of Occupational Diseases in Turkey: Deriving Lessons From Journey of Surveillance. Safety and Health at Work, 10(4), 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.09.006
Taherzadeh Chenani, K., Zarei, E., Yazdi, M., Klockner, K., Alimohammadlou, M., & Kamalinia, M. (2024). A systematic review of the integration between occupational and process safety risk analysis methodologies. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 91(May), 105387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105387
Tulchinsky, T. H., & Varavikova, E. A. (2014). Environmental and Occupational Health. Içinde The New Public Health (ss. 471-533). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00009-4
Ummiar, A., & Khultihad, A. D. (2020). Occupational Diseases and Occupational Accidents Including Disease Diagnosis and Prevention. Journal Wetenskap Health, 1(2), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.48173/jwh.v1i2.41
Viramgami, A., Shah, R., Dhatrak, S., Sheth, A., Singh, D. P., Sivaperumal, P., & Upadhyay, K. (2024). Impact of occupational lead exposure on the comprehensive health status of gas cutter workers. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 30(October), 0–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101820
Vitale, E., Salvago, P., Campanella, A. F., & Cirrincione, L. (2024). A Protocol of Prevention and Protection Measures on New Occupational Risk Factors in Green Jobs in Italian Workplaces. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(15), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156691
