İklim Değişikliği ve Meslek Hastalıkları
Özet
İklim değişikliği, zamanımızın en önemli sorunlarından biri ve gelecek nesillerin karşı karşıya olduğu olup artan sıcaklıklar, ultraviyole radyasyona maruz kalma, patojenlerle temas, iç ve dış hava kirliliği ve aşırı hava koşulları yoluyla çalışanların güvenliğini ve sağlığını etkiler. Mevcut riskleri artırabilir veya ısıyla ilgili bozukluklar, vektör ve sular yoluyla bulaşan hastalıklar, kazalar, alerjiler ve kanser gibi yeni riskler yaratabilir. Bu, daha yüksek sağlık maliyetlerine, yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine ve üretim kayıplarına neden olabilir. Tarım, ormancılık ve inşaat gibi açık hava çalışanları, ilk müdahale ekipleri ve sağlık çalışanları ile özellikle ısı yoğun veya fiziksel olarak zorlayıcı endüstrilerde kapalı alan çalışanları için riskler söz konusudur. Yaş ve önceden var olan tıbbi durum ile sosyoekonomik durum, sağlık sorunlarının ciddiyetini ve mesleki güvenlik ve sağlık riskini etkileyebilir. Önleyici faaliyetler, işin doğasını, belirli maruziyetleri, hafifletme stratejilerini ve çalışanın temel sağlık durumunu içeren kapsamlı bir yaklaşımı içermelidir. İşyerlerinde, bu koşullar altında çalışmanın potansiyel riskleri ve olumsuz sağlık sonuçları konusunda hem işverenlere hem de çalışanlara eğitim verilmelidir. Çalışanlar, özellikle de artan sıcaklıklara ve kötü hava kalitesine maruz kalmayla ilişkili artan risklere sahip olanlar ile kalp-damar hastalıkları ve solunum hastalıkları gibi önceden mevcut rahatsızlıkları bulunanlar yakından izlenmelidir.
Climate change is one of the most important challenges of our time and the one facing future generations, affecting the safety and health of workers through rising temperatures, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, exposure to pathogens, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and extreme weather conditions. It can increase existing risks or create new risks, such as heat-related disorders, vector-borne and waterborne diseases, accidents, allergies, and cancer. This can lead to higher healthcare costs, reduced quality of life, and lost productivity. Risks exist for outdoor workers, first responders, and healthcare workers, especially those working indoors in heat-intensive or physically demanding industries, such as agriculture, forestry, and construction. Age, preexisting medical conditions, and socioeconomic status can affect the severity of health problems and occupational safety and health risks. Preventive actions should include a comprehensive approach that includes the nature of the work, specific exposures, mitigation strategies, and the worker’s underlying health status. Workplaces should educate both employers and workers about the potential risks and adverse health consequences of working under these conditions. Workers should be closely monitored, especially those at increased risk from exposure to rising temperatures and poor air quality, and those with preexisting conditions such as cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease.
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Deng SZ, Jalaludin BB, Anto JM, Hess JJ, Huang CR. (2020). Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: a call to action for health professionals. Chin Med J (Engl), 133(13),1552–1560. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000861
D'Ovidio MC, Lancia A, Melis P, Vonesch N, Tomao P, Grandi C, Annesi-Maesano I. (2023). Non-malignant occupational respiratory diseases and climate change. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 27(11), 858-863. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0131. PMID: 37880894; PMCID: PMC10599416.
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