Diyabetik Hastalarda Beslenme
Özet
Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi (TBT), düzenli yapılan fiziksel aktivite ve ilaç tedavisi diyabet tedavisinin temel bileşenleridir. Çoğu medikal tedavi ile benzer olarak TBT ile de HbA1c düzeyleri %1-2 oranında azalmakta ek olarak da kan basıncında düşme ve lipid profilinde iyileşme sağlanmaktadır. Beslenme tedavisi diyabetli bireyin kişisel ve kültürel tercihlerine, bireysel tedavi hedeflerine, sağlıklı besin seçimini sağlayabilme durumuna, eğitim düzeyine, beslenme alışkanlıklarına ve beslenme alışkanlıklarında değişiklik yapma isteğine dayalı olarak bireyselleştirilmelidir. Diyet listeleri veya bir defalık görüşmeler beslenme alışkanlıklarını düzeltmede yeterli değildir. Diyabet tedavisinde kan şekeri kontrolünü sağlamak için sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazanılması önemlidir. Diyabeti olmayan bireylerde olduğu gibi diyabetli bireylerinde yeterli ve dengeli beslenmeyi öğrenmesi ve öğrendiklerini günlük yaşamda uygulaması sağlıklı bir yaşamın temelini oluşturur. Diyet, diyabet tedavisinin en önemli davranışsal yönlerinden biridir. Ancak beslenme yönetiminin temel prensipleri hem klinisyenler hem de hastalar tarafından sıklıkla yeterince anlaşılmamaktadır. Bu bölümde TBT’ nin uygulama aşamaları ve kanıta dayalı beslenme tedavisi önerileri yer almaktadır.
Medical nutrition therapy (MBT), regular physical activity and medication are the basic components of diabetes treatment. Similar to most medical treatments, HbA1c levels decrease by 1-2% with TBT, in addition to a decrease in blood pressure and an improvement in the lipid profile. Nutritional treatment should be individualized based on the individual with diabetes' personal and cultural preferences, individual treatment goals, ability to make healthy food choices, education level, eating habits, and willingness to change eating habits. Diet lists or one-time meetings are not sufficient to correct eating habits. It is important to gain healthy eating habits to control blood sugar in diabetes treatment. As is the case with individuals without diabetes, learning about adequate and balanced nutrition for individuals with diabetes and applying what they have learned in daily life forms the basis of a healthy life. Diet is one of the most important behavioral aspects of diabetes treatment. However, the basic principles of nutritional management are often poorly understood by both clinicians and patients. This section includes the application stages of TBT and evidence-based nutrition therapy recommendations.
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